A shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone pops out of its socket, a painful event that can also lead to numbness. This sensation, often described as tingling or “pins and needles,” is common after such an injury. This article explains why numbness occurs and its typical duration.
Why Numbness Occurs
Numbness after a shoulder dislocation primarily results from the stretching or compression of nerves surrounding the shoulder joint. The shoulder is a highly mobile joint, and when it dislocates, the sudden and forceful displacement can put significant stress on nearby neural structures. Among these, the axillary nerve is frequently affected due to its close proximity to the shoulder joint.
The axillary nerve provides sensation to the outer part of the upper arm and controls the deltoid muscle, which helps lift the arm. When this nerve is stretched or compressed during a dislocation, it can disrupt signals to and from the brain, leading to numbness or tingling. While other nerves can be involved, the axillary nerve is the most commonly injured.
Factors Affecting Numbness Duration
The duration of numbness following a shoulder dislocation is not fixed and can vary depending on several factors. The severity of the dislocation plays a role, as more forceful dislocations are more likely to cause greater nerve irritation or damage. The extent of the nerve injury, whether it’s a mild irritation or more significant damage, will also influence how quickly sensation returns.
The promptness and success of the shoulder reduction, where the bone is put back into its socket, can impact recovery. A timely and proper reduction can help alleviate pressure on the affected nerves. Additionally, individual healing rates differ, meaning some people may recover more quickly than others. Factors such as age can also influence nerve recovery, with older individuals potentially experiencing a higher risk of nerve involvement and a longer recovery period.
Expected Timeline and When to Seek Medical Attention
For many, mild numbness or tingling after a shoulder dislocation is temporary, often resolving within hours to a few days once the shoulder is reduced. This initial numbness subsides as immediate swelling decreases and pressure on the nerve lessens. If the nerve injury is more pronounced, numbness might persist for several weeks or months as the nerve gradually heals. In cases of significant nerve damage, full recovery can take up to a year.
Monitor any persistent or changing numbness and seek medical attention if warning signs appear. Contact a healthcare provider if numbness worsens, if there is a complete loss of sensation in your arm or hand, or if you experience muscle weakness. If numbness does not improve over an extended period, or if you develop new symptoms like severe pain or an inability to move your arm, seek medical attention.