Molluscum contagiosum is a common, generally harmless viral skin infection that results in small, raised bumps. Understanding how long the virus (MCV) remains infectious on surfaces is important for reducing transmission risk.
Understanding Molluscum Contagiosum and its Transmission
Molluscum contagiosum is caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a type of poxvirus. It typically presents as small, flesh-colored, pink, or pearly bumps, often with a central dimple. These lesions can appear on the face, trunk, arms, and legs. While usually painless, they can sometimes become itchy or inflamed.
The virus spreads through several pathways. Direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual is the most common method, occurring during close interaction or contact sports. The virus can also spread to other body areas through scratching or shaving (autoinoculation). Additionally, molluscum contagiosum can transmit indirectly through shared objects or surfaces, known as fomites.
How Long Molluscum Survives on Surfaces
The exact duration molluscum contagiosum virus can survive and remain infectious on surfaces is not definitively established. However, estimates suggest the virus can persist from hours to several days. Some sources indicate it might remain viable for up to seven days on certain surfaces.
Several environmental factors influence how long the virus remains viable. Temperature and humidity play a role, with warm, humid environments potentially promoting survival on surfaces. The surface type can also be a factor, though specific differences between porous and non-porous materials are not consistently detailed for MCV. Common fomites include towels, clothing, bath sponges, and shared sports or gym equipment. While surface transmission is possible, it is generally less frequent than direct skin-to-skin contact for spreading the infection.
Minimizing Molluscum Spread from Surfaces
To reduce indirect transmission from surfaces, several hygiene measures are advisable. Regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces, especially in shared living spaces like bathrooms or play areas, can help. While no specific EPA-registered disinfectant is approved solely for MCV, household bleach solutions and other general EPA-registered surface disinfectants are effective. Always follow manufacturer guidelines regarding concentration and contact time.
Avoiding shared personal items is a straightforward way to prevent the virus’s spread, including towels, clothing, razors, or bath sponges. For children, regularly cleaning toys and taking precautions during shared activities like bathing can help minimize risk. Frequent and thorough hand washing with soap and water can reduce the virus on hands after touching potentially contaminated surfaces. Additionally, covering molluscum lesions with clothing or watertight bandages prevents the virus from shedding onto surfaces or direct transmission.