Intravenous (IV) infiltration occurs when fluids or medications, intended for delivery directly into a vein, leak out into the surrounding soft tissues. This common occurrence happens when the IV catheter moves out of or through the vein, causing the fluid to bypass the bloodstream. While generally not severe, it can cause discomfort and requires proper management to prevent further complications.
Identifying IV Infiltration
Identifying IV infiltration involves visual and sensory cues at the IV site. Swelling around the area is a noticeable sign, which may also feel tight or puffy. The skin over the affected site often appears red or pale and feels cool to the touch.
Beyond visual changes, individuals may experience discomfort, pain, or tenderness at the IV site. Some may also report numbness or a tingling sensation in the affected limb. These symptoms arise because the leaked fluid puts pressure on nerve endings and tissues, leading to localized inflammation and altered sensation.
How Long Infiltration Typically Lasts
The duration of IV infiltration resolution varies, but most mild cases resolve within a few hours to a few days. The body gradually reabsorbs the leaked fluid from surrounding tissues. Recovery speed is influenced by several factors, including the volume and type of fluid that infiltrated.
The size of the IV catheter also affects resolution, as larger catheters can create a bigger opening, leading to more leakage. An individual’s overall health and circulatory status impact how quickly their body can reabsorb the fluid. Prompt detection and removal of the IV catheter also contribute to faster resolution, minimizing fluid infiltration.
Supporting Recovery and Seeking Professional Help
Managing IV infiltration at home involves several supportive measures to encourage healing and reduce discomfort. Elevating the affected limb above the heart helps reduce swelling by promoting fluid drainage. Applying a warm or cold compress to the site can also alleviate pain and swelling. Also avoid applying pressure, wearing tight clothing, or using lotions or soaps on the affected area.
While most infiltrations are minor and resolve with home care, certain signs indicate the need for immediate medical attention. Signs include increasing pain, blistering, skin breakdown, or changes in skin color. A fever above 101°F (38°C) or signs of infection, such as thick or bloody drainage from the IV site, warrant medical evaluation. If swelling, pain, or redness worsen or do not improve within 24 hours, or if you experience new burning, stinging, or numbness, contact a healthcare provider.