Trigger finger, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a common condition that causes a finger or thumb to catch or lock in a bent position. This happens because the protective sheath surrounding the flexor tendon in the palm becomes inflamed and thickened, preventing the tendon from gliding smoothly. When non-surgical treatments like splinting or steroid injections are unsuccessful, a procedure called a tendon sheath release is performed. This minor surgery, often done as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia, involves cutting the constricted band of tissue (the A1 pulley) to restore smooth, pain-free movement.
The Immediate Post-Operative Phase
The initial recovery period focuses on managing discomfort and protecting the surgical site during the first 24 to 72 hours after the procedure. Patients should expect some soreness and mild to moderate swelling in the palm and the operated finger, which can be managed with prescribed pain medication and over-the-counter anti-inflammatories. Keeping the hand elevated above the heart level, particularly during the first few days, helps minimize swelling.
The small incision in the palm will be covered with a bandage or dressing, which must be kept clean and completely dry to prevent infection. Surgeons typically advise against soaking the hand, and patients should cover the dressing with plastic when showering. Although the hand is sore, gentle finger movement should begin immediately to prevent the formation of stiff scar tissue and maintain tendon gliding.
Short-Term Healing and Functional Milestones
The timeline for short-term recovery generally covers the first one to four weeks, marking the transition from wound healing to active motion. The initial dressing is usually removed after a few days, and the incision site is then cleaned daily with mild soap and water. Non-dissolvable sutures, if used, are typically removed during a follow-up appointment between 10 to 14 days post-surgery. Around the two-week mark, most patients can begin to resume light, non-gripping activities, such as typing or writing. It is still advised to avoid lifting objects heavier than about one pound and to refrain from repetitive or forceful gripping motions.
Achieving Full Functional Recovery
The long-term phase of recovery, spanning from six weeks up to six months, centers on regaining strength and complete hand dexterity. While many people experience substantial improvement in movement within the first month, residual stiffness or tenderness near the incision can linger for several months. Driving can often be resumed within the first few weeks, once the patient is no longer taking narcotic pain medication and feels fully alert. Activities that involve heavy gripping, such as weightlifting or using vibrating power tools, are usually cleared between six to eight weeks post-operation. Continuing a structured regimen of physical therapy or home exercises is important to fully restore grip strength, endurance, and fine motor coordination.
Variables That Affect the Healing Timeline
Individual recovery times can vary from the typical timeline due to several influencing factors. Patient compliance with post-operative instructions and rehabilitation exercises is a significant determinant of how quickly full function is restored. Failure to perform the gentle range-of-motion exercises can lead to stiffness and excessive scar tissue formation, which can delay recovery. Pre-existing medical conditions, such as diabetes, are known to slow the healing process and may increase the risk of developing stiffness or persistent swelling. The type of surgical technique used also plays a role, as minimally invasive procedures may offer a slightly faster initial recovery compared to traditional open surgery.