Jaw surgery, formally known as orthognathic surgery, is a procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons to correct significant irregularities of the jaw bones and teeth. The primary purpose of this surgery is to improve the alignment of the upper and lower jaws, enhancing biting, chewing, speaking, and breathing functions, while also improving facial symmetry. Recovery is a phased process, and the total timeline depends on the complexity of the procedure and the individual patient’s healing rate.
The Acute Recovery Phase (First 7-10 Days)
The first week following jaw surgery is the most physically demanding period, focusing on immediate stabilization. Many patients spend one to two nights in the hospital for close monitoring, particularly for pain control and airway management. Pain is managed aggressively in the initial 48 hours, often utilizing intravenous (IV) medication before transitioning to oral prescription pain relievers upon discharge.
Swelling and bruising are expected, with facial swelling reaching its peak intensity around 48 to 72 hours after the operation. To help minimize this reaction, patients are instructed to keep their head elevated, even while sleeping, and to use cold compresses intermittently during the first two days. During this phase, the jaw is at its most vulnerable, necessitating a strict liquid-only diet to prevent any mechanical stress on the healing bone. Patients may also experience temporary numbness in the lips, chin, or cheeks due to nerve involvement.
Intermediate Healing and Return to Routine (Weeks 2-8)
Weeks two through eight mark a transition from acute recovery to substantial healing and a return to daily life. Swelling begins to subside rapidly after the first 10 days, with 50-70% resolving by the end of the first month. As initial bone stability improves, the diet progresses from a strict liquid intake to soft or pureed foods by the start of the second week. This non-chew diet includes items like mashed potatoes, scrambled eggs, and soft pasta, which require minimal force to consume.
Most patients are able to return to non-strenuous activities, such as school or desk work, within two to four weeks following the procedure. Pain levels decrease significantly during this time, and most individuals discontinue prescription pain medication, relying only on over-the-counter options. Gentle jaw exercises are introduced around four to six weeks to improve the limited mouth opening common post-surgery. By the end of the eighth week, the patient is often cleared to begin a soft-chew diet, slowly reintroducing foods that require light chewing.
Achieving Full Functional Recovery (Months 3-12)
While the patient may feel recovered sooner, the complete healing process for the jaw bones requires a longer duration. Full recovery, defined by the consolidation of the bone segments, takes between nine and twelve months. The titanium plates and screws used to hold the bone in its new position continue to stabilize the skeletal structure as the body lays down new bone. Final aesthetic changes, including the resolution of any residual swelling, may not be visible until six to twelve months after the operation.
Hard or crunchy foods should be avoided until the surgeon confirms the bone has reached sufficient strength, typically after the six-month mark. Patients must refrain from contact sports or any activity that risks a blow to the face for at least eight weeks, until complete bone healing is confirmed. Sensory recovery, the return of feeling to numb areas, is a slow process that can continue for six to twelve months after the surgery.
Managing Symptoms and Post-Operative Care
Maintaining oral hygiene is necessary to prevent infection and ensure a successful outcome, despite limited mouth opening. Patients must use a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean accessible surfaces and gently rinse the mouth with a prescribed antimicrobial mouthwash or warm salt water several times daily, especially after eating. After the initial 48 to 72 hours of cold therapy, the focus shifts to managing residual swelling and bruising with warm, moist heat. Applying heat packs for 15 to 20 minutes several times daily increases blood circulation, aiding in the reabsorption of swelling and discoloration.
Physical therapy exercises are introduced later in recovery to prevent jaw stiffness and regain full range of motion. These exercises begin with simple movements, such as opening and closing the mouth slowly, and progress to lateral and protrusive gliding motions. Warming the facial muscles with a warm compress for about 15 minutes before mobilization exercises makes the process more comfortable and effective. Adequate hydration is emphasized throughout the recovery period to support the body’s healing processes.