A dilation and curettage (D&C) is a minor surgical procedure performed to remove tissue from the lining of the uterus. This involves slightly widening the cervix and then using a curette or suction device to gently remove the tissue. The procedure is commonly used to diagnose and treat conditions like abnormal uterine bleeding or to clear the uterine lining following a miscarriage or abortion. Recovery is generally quick, with most patients returning to their normal routine within a few days, though specific restrictions apply during the full healing process.
The Immediate 24-Hour Period
The initial recovery phase begins immediately after the procedure while still in the recovery room. Patients often feel groggy or disoriented as they wake up from the effects of anesthesia or sedation. Mild nausea and light cramping, similar to menstrual discomfort, are common sensations. Medical staff monitor vital signs and initial bleeding before the patient is cleared for discharge.
Because of the lingering effects of anesthesia, a responsible adult must drive the patient home following the procedure. For the first full day, patients must rest and avoid activities requiring coordination or sharp judgment, such as driving or operating machinery. Alcohol consumption and certain medications, like muscle relaxants, are also restricted for at least 24 hours to prevent dangerous interactions with the anesthesia.
Typical Physical Recovery Timeline and Symptoms
Mild abdominal cramping is an expected part of physical recovery, as the uterus contracts to return to its pre-procedure size. This cramping is usually most noticeable in the first 24 hours but can persist for a few days. It is typically managed effectively with over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen.
Vaginal bleeding or spotting is also a normal symptom and can last anywhere from a few days up to two weeks after the D&C. The flow is often lighter than a typical menstrual period and may be intermittent. It is not uncommon to pass small blood clots, but these should not be consistently large.
The timing of the next menstrual period is variable because the uterine lining needs time to rebuild itself. Most patients can expect their period to return within four to six weeks following the procedure, though a return as late as eight weeks is considered normal. The first period after a D&C may be different in flow or duration compared to previous cycles, and cycles may remain slightly irregular for the first few months.
Guidance for Resuming Normal Activities
Most individuals feel well enough to resume light daily activities and desk work within one to two days after the D&C. The body’s response should dictate the pace of recovery, with rest recommended whenever fatigue occurs. For the first 24 to 48 hours, it is best to avoid any heavy lifting or particularly strenuous chores to prevent increasing cramping or bleeding.
Restrictions on physical exertion generally involve avoiding heavy exercise, such as intense cardio or weightlifting, for one to two weeks. Strenuous activity can increase uterine bleeding and discomfort. Gentle movement, like light walking or stretching, is a better option in the immediate recovery period.
A crucial restriction for the first two weeks involves pelvic rest to prevent the risk of infection. This means avoiding placing anything into the vagina, including sexual intercourse, douching, tampons, or menstrual cups. Since the cervix remains slightly open after dilation, the uterus is temporarily more susceptible to bacteria ascending from the vagina.
Recognizing Complications and Warning Signs
While a D&C is a safe and routine procedure, patients must be aware of specific symptoms that could signal a complication requiring immediate medical attention. Heavy bleeding is a serious warning sign, defined as soaking more than one maxi-pad per hour for two consecutive hours. Passing blood clots larger than a quarter also warrants immediate contact with a healthcare provider.
Severe or worsening pain not relieved by prescribed or over-the-counter medication should be evaluated promptly. Signs of a potential infection include a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, chills, and an unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Symptoms like dizziness, fainting, or increasing abdominal tenderness should be reported to a doctor right away, as these could indicate a rare but serious issue.