A bone marrow biopsy examines the spongy tissue inside your bones where blood cells are produced. This diagnostic procedure helps healthcare providers diagnose conditions like blood disorders, cancers, and unexplained fevers or infections. Recovery is generally straightforward, though the exact duration and experience can differ among individuals.
Immediate Post-Biopsy Recovery
Immediately after a bone marrow biopsy, pressure is applied to the site to stop bleeding. A small incision is made, which typically heals quickly. A dressing, often waterproof, will be placed over the incision and should remain on for 1 to 2 days.
Patients commonly experience a dull ache or pressure at the biopsy site as the local anesthetic wears off. If sedation was administered, drowsiness may occur, necessitating a ride home and avoiding driving or operating heavy machinery for 24 hours. Keep the biopsy area clean and dry, avoiding strenuous activities for the initial 24 hours.
Typical Recovery Duration
Most individuals feel better within a few days to a week following a bone marrow biopsy. The skin incision heals immediately, and the bone puncture site typically heals within 1 to 2 weeks. Soreness and bruising are common for several days.
Recovery time is influenced by factors like the biopsy site, commonly the pelvic bone (posterior iliac crest) or sternum. Overall health and whether sedation was used also affect recovery.
Managing Recovery
Managing discomfort often involves over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, as recommended by a healthcare provider. Applying an ice pack can also help reduce soreness and bruising.
Keep the biopsy site clean and dry. The bandage should remain in place for 24 to 48 hours. Showering may be permitted after 24 hours, but avoid soaking in a bathtub, hot tub, or swimming for about 5 days or until the site is fully healed. Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for a few days, though light activities like walking are permissible. Most people can return to work the day after the procedure.
When to Contact Your Doctor
Contact your healthcare provider if you experience certain symptoms after a bone marrow biopsy. Signs of infection include increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness at the biopsy site, red streaks, or pus draining. A fever of 100.4 °F (38 °C) or higher, or chills, also warrant medical attention.
Report persistent or worsening pain not relieved by medication. Excessive bleeding where blood soaks through the bandage and does not stop after applying direct pressure for at least 30 minutes requires immediate medical care. Numbness or tingling in the leg, particularly if the biopsy was performed in the hip area, should also prompt a call to your doctor.