Strep throat, caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria, is a common infection that can lead to a sore throat, fever, and discomfort. It spreads easily through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or direct contact with mucus. Prompt testing and knowing the results are important for proper treatment and preventing serious complications like rheumatic fever, which can affect the heart and joints.
Strep Test Types and Result Times
Healthcare providers typically use two main types of tests to diagnose strep throat: the Rapid Strep Test (RADT) and a throat culture. The choice of test depends on the urgency of diagnosis and the need for confirmation.
The Rapid Strep Test (RADT) is designed for quick detection of Group A Streptococcus antigens directly in the clinic. A healthcare provider swabs the back of the throat, and results are available within approximately 5 to 20 minutes. While RADTs offer speed, they have high specificity, meaning they are good at confirming a positive infection. However, their sensitivity can be lower, occasionally missing an infection and resulting in a false negative.
A throat culture is considered the “gold standard” for confirming a strep throat diagnosis. This test involves swabbing the throat, with the sample sent to a laboratory to allow any bacteria to grow. This process takes longer, with results typically available within 24 to 72 hours. Throat cultures are often performed to confirm a negative RADT, especially in children and adolescents, because they are more accurate and can detect infections a rapid test might miss.
Factors Affecting Result Delivery
Several factors beyond the inherent test type can influence how quickly a patient receives their strep test results. The volume of patients at a clinic or a laboratory backlog can cause delays in processing samples and communicating results for both rapid tests and throat cultures.
The time of day or week when the test is performed affects delivery. Tests taken late in the day, on weekends, or during holidays might not be processed until the next business day, particularly for throat cultures sent to an external lab. Clinic-specific procedures for communicating results also vary; some clinics call only with positive results, while others update a patient portal.
For throat cultures, the transportation time for the sample to reach the laboratory adds to the overall waiting period. The efficiency of the courier service and the distance to the lab can introduce variability in result delivery. Additionally, factors such as the expertise of the personnel performing the test and the method of specimen collection can affect the accuracy and timely processing of results.
Guidance While Awaiting Results
While awaiting strep test results, individuals can take steps to manage symptoms and prevent potential spread. For symptom relief, over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate sore throat pain and reduce fever. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids and getting adequate rest are also recommended to support recovery.
To prevent transmission, limit close contact with others, especially if symptoms like a sore throat or fever are present. Practicing good hand hygiene, such as frequent handwashing with soap and water, can help reduce the spread of bacteria. Avoiding sharing cups, utensils, or food with others is important.
Patients should follow their healthcare provider’s instructions regarding when and how to expect their results. It is important not to start antibiotics unless they have been prescribed by a healthcare professional, as unnecessary antibiotic use can contribute to antibiotic resistance. If symptoms worsen or do not improve within 48 hours, or if results are not received within the expected timeframe, contacting the healthcare provider for further guidance is recommended.