Embalming is a process performed on deceased human remains to temporarily preserve the body and restore its appearance. This procedure helps to slow natural deterioration after death, allowing for a peaceful presentation for family and friends. It also enables arrangements for services or transportation over a longer period.
Steps in the Embalming Process
The embalming process begins with initial preparation of the body. This involves washing the body with a disinfectant solution and massaging limbs to relieve rigor mortis, the stiffening of muscles after death. Facial features are then set, including closing the eyes with plastic eye caps and securing the mouth to achieve a natural expression.
Following preparation, arterial embalming is performed. This involves injecting an embalming solution, typically a chemical mixture, into the arterial system, often through the carotid artery. As fluid is pumped into the arteries, blood is simultaneously drained from a nearby vein, such as the jugular vein. This circulation helps to disinfect the tissues and temporarily preserve the body.
After arterial embalming, cavity embalming addresses the internal organs. A small incision is made, usually near the navel, to insert a slender, hollow instrument called a trocar. This instrument is used to aspirate gases and fluids from the chest and abdominal cavities. Concentrated cavity fluids are then injected into these areas to preserve the visceral organs.
The final stages involve cosmetic preparation and dressing. Any incisions are closed with sutures. The embalmer then enhances the deceased’s appearance, which can include styling hair, applying cosmetics, and dressing the body in clothing chosen by the family. This aims to create a comforting and recognizable image for viewing.
What Influences Embalming Time
Embalming typically takes two to four hours for uncomplicated cases. However, several factors can extend this timeframe. The body’s condition upon arrival at the mortuary, including advanced decomposition, trauma, or certain diseases, significantly impacts the time needed.
Family requests also influence the time needed. If extensive restorative work is desired, such as reconstructing facial features due to injury or illness, the process will take longer. This restorative art involves meticulous effort to return the deceased to a more familiar appearance. Additionally, the experience level of the embalmer and the resources available at the embalming facility can affect efficiency.
Cases involving an autopsy or significant tissue damage often add considerable time. The embalmer may need specialized techniques or multiple injection points to ensure proper fluid distribution and presentation. The unique circumstances of each case dictate the actual duration.
Why Embalming is Performed
Embalming is performed primarily to facilitate viewing and funeral services. It temporarily preserves the body, allowing families time to gather, travel, and arrange services, often with an open casket. This delays decomposition, ensuring a restful appearance for visitation.
Another reason is the restoration of appearance. Illness, trauma, or post-mortem changes can alter features. Embalming, combined with restorative art, helps return the deceased to a recognizable, peaceful state, aiding the grieving process.
While less common today, embalming also contributes to sanitation. The chemicals in embalming fluid act as disinfectants, sanitizing the remains. This is particularly relevant for long-distance or international transport, where embalming may be legally required.