Strep throat, a common bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, affects the throat and tonsils. Understanding how strep throat progresses without medical intervention is important for recognizing its potential effects and making informed decisions about care.
How Untreated Strep Progresses
Symptoms of strep throat typically begin within two to five days after exposure to the bacteria, often including a sore throat, headache, and fever. While these symptoms may start to improve within three to six days without antibiotics, the Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria can remain present in the throat for several weeks. Throat cultures can remain positive for weeks after symptoms disappear. This prolonged bacterial presence means the infection has not fully cleared, and individuals can remain contagious for two to three weeks without treatment.
The Dangers of Not Treating Strep
Leaving strep throat untreated carries significant health risks. One serious complication is acute rheumatic fever (ARF), an inflammatory condition that can affect the heart, joints, brain, and skin, potentially leading to permanent heart damage (rheumatic heart disease). Inflammation of the kidneys, called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), can also occur, potentially leading to kidney failure. Another complication is scarlet fever, which develops when the bacteria release toxins, causing a red rash, high fever, and a characteristic “strawberry tongue.” Untreated strep can also lead to abscesses around the tonsils or in the neck, which are pockets of pus. If these abscesses rupture, the infection can spread to other areas, potentially causing pneumonia or ear infections.
When Medical Attention is Necessary
Seeking medical attention for suspected strep throat ensures a proper diagnosis and treatment. A healthcare provider can perform a rapid strep test or a throat swab to confirm the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, differentiating it from viral infections that do not require antibiotics.
When to See a Doctor
You should see a doctor if you experience:
A sore throat accompanied by tender, swollen lymph glands.
A sore throat that lasts longer than 48 hours.
A fever of 101°F or higher.
A sore throat accompanied by a rash.
Difficulty breathing or swallowing.
Signs of dehydration or any suspicion of complications like severe pain or swelling.