Hyaluronidase is an enzyme widely recognized in both medical and aesthetic fields for its ability to break down hyaluronic acid (HA). The enzyme’s main function involves dissolving HA-based dermal fillers, providing a method to correct unsatisfactory results or address complications arising from filler injections.
Understanding Hyaluronidase Action
Hyaluronidase functions as an endoglycosidase, meaning it targets and cleaves specific chemical bonds within hyaluronic acid molecules. This enzymatic activity reduces the viscosity of hyaluronic acid, essentially depolymerizing it into smaller fragments. By breaking these bonds, hyaluronidase increases tissue permeability, allowing for the dispersion and absorption of the HA or other injected substances. This action is why it is sometimes referred to as a “spreading factor” in medical applications.
Timeline for Visible Results
The effects of hyaluronidase can be observed quite rapidly following injection. Many individuals report a noticeable reduction in filler volume within 5 to 15 minutes after the enzyme is administered. This immediate softening is due to the enzyme quickly beginning to break down the gel-like structure of the hyaluronic acid. The primary dissolution of the filler typically occurs within 6 to 12 hours after the injection, leading to a significant reduction in volume within the first 24 hours. While initial changes are quick, the complete breakdown and full, observable results usually take longer. Most of the enzymatic degradation is complete within 3 to 7 days, with some sources indicating it can take up to two weeks for the final results to become fully apparent.
Factors Influencing Efficacy
Several factors influence how quickly and completely hyaluronidase works to dissolve hyaluronic acid fillers. The type and density of the HA filler are significant determinants; fillers with higher concentrations of hyaluronic acid and increased crosslinking density are generally more resistant to degradation and may require higher doses of hyaluronidase for effective dissolution. The amount of hyaluronidase injected also plays a role, with sufficient quantities needing to be administered close to the filler for optimal interaction. Individual metabolism can affect the rate at which the enzyme is processed and deactivated in the body. Additionally, the specific area being treated can influence efficacy, as different tissue environments may impact the enzyme’s activity and the filler’s response.
Aftercare and What to Expect
Following a hyaluronidase treatment, individuals can expect some common post-injection experiences. Redness, swelling, bruising, pain, itching, and tenderness at the injection site are typical and generally mild to moderate, resolving spontaneously within a few days. Swelling may even appear asymmetrical initially but usually subsides within a couple of days.
Applying a cool compress to the treated area can help reduce swelling. It is advisable to avoid heat-inducing activities, strenuous exercise, and alcohol for at least 24 hours post-treatment. Patients should also avoid massaging or applying pressure to the treated area unless specifically instructed by their practitioner, particularly for the first 24 to 48 hours, to prevent displacement of the dissolved material. It is also recommended to avoid harsh cleansing products or oil-based makeup for a day or two.