Hemorrhoids are swollen veins located in the rectum or around the anus, similar to varicose veins found elsewhere in the body. They are a common condition, affecting nearly half of all adults over 50. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). While often not severe, hemorrhoids can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding, impacting daily life.
Typical Healing Timelines
The time it takes for hemorrhoids to heal can vary considerably depending on their type and severity. Minor cases, particularly small external hemorrhoids, may resolve on their own within a few days to a week with basic home care. However, larger external hemorrhoids might require a longer period, sometimes several weeks, to fully subside.
Internal hemorrhoids, located inside the rectum, often cause less pain unless they prolapse (protrude outside the anus). While minor internal hemorrhoids can diminish in a few days, more symptomatic ones may persist for several weeks. If an internal hemorrhoid prolapses or causes severe symptoms, it might not resolve without medical treatment.
Thrombosed hemorrhoids, involving a blood clot, are typically more painful. The intense pain often improves within 7 to 10 days even without surgical intervention, as the body may reabsorb the clot. However, the lump itself may take two to three weeks or longer to completely disappear.
Factors Affecting Healing
Several factors can influence how quickly hemorrhoids heal and whether they recur. The severity and type of hemorrhoid play a significant role; minor cases generally heal faster than larger, more inflamed, or thrombosed ones. Individual health status, including underlying conditions like chronic constipation or diarrhea, can also impede the healing process.
Lifestyle habits are particularly impactful. A diet low in fiber and insufficient hydration can lead to hard stools and straining during bowel movements, which exacerbates hemorrhoids and hinders healing. Prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet, increases pressure on the rectal veins, worsening the condition. Physical inactivity can also contribute to constipation, further delaying recovery.
Other elements that can affect healing include pregnancy, due to increased pressure on pelvic veins, and being overweight or obese, which adds strain to the anal area. Continuous irritation, such as from aggressive wiping or lack of proper hygiene, can also prolong the healing time.
Strategies for Promoting Healing
Promoting hemorrhoid healing involves a combination of self-care practices aimed at reducing irritation and facilitating easier bowel movements. Increasing dietary fiber intake to 20-35 grams daily helps soften stools and increases their bulk, which prevents straining. Foods rich in fiber include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Drinking plenty of water, at least 6-8 glasses daily, is also crucial as fiber absorbs water to work effectively, keeping stools soft.
Sitz baths, which involve soaking the anal area in warm plain water for 10 to 15 minutes two or three times a day, can significantly reduce pain, swelling, and itching. Over-the-counter topical treatments containing ingredients like hydrocortisone or witch hazel can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation. It is important to use these as directed and avoid prolonged use of hydrocortisone, which can thin the skin.
To prevent further irritation, avoid straining during bowel movements by not delaying the urge to go and by elevating your feet with a step stool while on the toilet. Maintaining good anal hygiene by gently cleaning the area with plain water or unscented wipes after each bowel movement, and patting dry, can also aid healing. Regular, moderate exercise helps promote healthy digestion and bowel regularity, contributing to overall healing and prevention.
When Healing Isn’t Happening
While many hemorrhoids improve with self-care, there are instances when professional medical attention becomes necessary. You should seek advice if symptoms persist for a week or more despite home treatments, or if they worsen. Persistent pain that disrupts daily life, or excessive bleeding, such as the toilet water turning red or large blood clots, warrant immediate medical evaluation.
Rectal bleeding should always be checked by a doctor, as it can indicate more serious conditions like anal fissures, inflammatory bowel disease, or even colorectal cancer. A medical professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and rule out underlying issues. If you notice a non-retracting bulge (a prolapsed hemorrhoid) or suspect infection, medical consultation is important.