Allergy shots, also known as allergen immunotherapy, represent a long-term treatment approach for individuals experiencing moderate to severe allergies. This method involves introducing small, increasing amounts of the substances that trigger allergic reactions into the body. The fundamental purpose of this treatment is to modify the immune system’s response, aiming to reduce or even eliminate allergic symptoms over time.
The Treatment Phases
Allergy shot treatment typically unfolds in two distinct phases. The first, known as the build-up phase, involves regular injections of increasing doses of allergens. This period usually spans three to six months, with shots administered frequently, often one to three times per week. This gradual increase helps the body adapt and build tolerance.
Once the highest tolerated dose is reached, treatment transitions into the maintenance phase. Here, the allergen dose remains consistent, but injection frequency significantly decreases. Patients typically receive maintenance shots every two to four weeks, a schedule that generally continues for three to five years, or sometimes longer. This extended period fosters lasting immune system changes.
When You Might Feel Better
Symptom improvement with allergy shots is a gradual process, not an immediate one. While some individuals may begin to notice subtle relief during the build-up phase, significant changes often take more time to manifest. Many patients report initial symptom reduction within six to twelve months of starting treatment, typically as they transition into the maintenance phase. A more substantial decrease in allergic reactions is commonly observed within one year of consistent treatment. Achieving the full benefits often requires continued adherence to the maintenance schedule, as the body’s immune system needs time to develop the desired tolerance and alter its response to allergens.
Factors Influencing Your Response
The timeline for experiencing relief from allergy shots can vary significantly among individuals due to several influencing factors. The specific type and severity of allergies being treated play a role in how quickly and effectively a person responds, as certain allergies may respond more readily than others. An individual’s unique immune system and overall health also contribute. Consistent adherence to the prescribed treatment schedule, including regular injections, is important for success, as missing doses can delay progress and potentially diminish the treatment’s effectiveness. Additionally, the specific allergens included in the shots and the level of ongoing exposure to those allergens in one’s environment can impact the outcome.
Long-Term Benefits
Beyond the initial reduction in symptoms, allergy shots offer sustained effects that can last for many years, even after treatment is discontinued. Benefits can endure for years following the typical three-to-five-year course, with some individuals achieving lasting relief from their allergy symptoms. The overarching aim of allergy shot treatment is to achieve long-term tolerance to allergens, effectively retraining the immune system to no longer overreact to harmless substances. This can lead to a reduced need for allergy medications. Immunotherapy may also help prevent the development of new allergies and reduce the risk of asthma in children.