A gap between teeth, known as a diastema, is a common dental occurrence that often prompts questions about whether it will close on its own. Natural closure is not a straightforward answer, as it largely depends on several contributing factors unique to each individual. Understanding these variables is key to knowing what to expect regarding a tooth gap.
Understanding Natural Tooth Gap Closure
Natural closure of a tooth gap is most frequently observed in children during dental development. A diastema is common in children under six with primary, or “baby,” teeth, with almost half experiencing such a gap. These spaces are a natural part of growth, providing necessary room for larger permanent teeth to erupt.
As permanent teeth emerge, typically between ages six and eight, these gaps often reduce or close entirely. The eruption of permanent canines, around ages 10 to 12, plays a significant role in pushing crowns of the incisors together, helping to close the space between central incisors. By age 12 to 14, many physiological gaps resolve without intervention. In contrast, for adults with fully erupted permanent teeth, natural closure of a diastema is generally rare or non-existent because the jawbone is more rigid and teeth do not shift as easily as they do during childhood development.
Factors Influencing Natural Closure
Several factors can influence whether a tooth gap closes naturally. A common cause of gaps is a discrepancy between tooth size and jaw size, where smaller teeth in a larger jaw can result in extra space. If the surrounding teeth are well-aligned and the gap is small, typically less than 2 millimeters, natural closure is more likely.
Oral habits, such as prolonged thumb-sucking or tongue thrusting, can also contribute to the formation and persistence of gaps. Thumb-sucking, especially if it continues past age four, can push front teeth forward, creating spaces. Tongue thrusting, where the tongue presses against the front teeth during swallowing, can exert pressure that gradually pushes teeth apart. For natural closure, the habit usually needs to cease.
A prominent labial frenum, a band of tissue connecting the upper lip to the gums between the two front teeth, can also prevent natural gap closure. If this tissue is unusually thick or extends too far between the teeth, it can act as a barrier, holding the teeth apart. Other factors affecting gap closure include congenitally missing teeth or extra (supernumerary) teeth, which can disrupt normal tooth alignment and spacing. Gum disease, which damages supporting bone and tissues around the teeth, can also lead to tooth shifting and gaps.
When Natural Closure Is Unlikely
While some tooth gaps may close naturally, especially in children, certain circumstances make spontaneous closure improbable. Gaps caused by missing permanent teeth, a condition known as hypodontia, will not close on their own. If the gap is due to genetic factors such as disproportionately small teeth for the jaw size, or specific genetic syndromes, natural closure is unlikely. If a tooth gap persists or causes concern, consult a dental professional for a thorough assessment, as they can determine the underlying cause and discuss appropriate management options.