A fractured sternum, commonly known as a broken breastbone, involves a break in the long, flat bone situated in the center of your chest. This bone connects to your ribs and collarbone, forming a protective barrier for organs like the heart and lungs. Fractures of the sternum usually result from direct impact to the chest, often seen in car accidents where the chest hits the steering wheel or seatbelt, falls from significant heights, or high-impact sports injuries. While a fractured sternum can be quite painful, it is generally a manageable injury that typically heals on its own without requiring surgery.
Typical Healing Timeframe
The healing process for a fractured sternum generally spans several weeks to a few months, with the bone often mending within 4 to 6 weeks. During this period, the focus is on bone mending and pain reduction. While the bone may heal within this timeframe, pain or discomfort can persist for several months as full recovery progresses. For many, complete recovery, including full strength and the ability to resume normal activities without pain, takes around 10 to 12 weeks.
While the bone typically fuses within this period, some individuals may experience lingering discomfort. In rare instances, if the sternum does not heal properly, a “false joint” or pseudarthrosis can develop, which might necessitate surgical intervention. Pain duration varies with injury severity, but symptoms generally subside over several weeks.
Factors Influencing Healing
Several factors can influence how long it takes for a fractured sternum to heal. The severity of the fracture plays a significant role. A simple crack or hairline fracture heals faster than a displaced fracture where bone fragments are misaligned. Displaced or unstable fractures increase the risk of complications and may prolong recovery, sometimes even requiring surgery to realign the bone.
Age also impacts healing time, with younger individuals often experiencing faster bone regeneration. Overall health conditions can also affect recovery. Pre-existing issues like osteoporosis or diabetes may delay the process. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or prolonged NSAID use, can hinder healing. Other injuries, especially to the chest or lungs, can complicate recovery and extend the healing period.
Managing Recovery and When to Seek Help
Managing the recovery from a fractured sternum involves a combination of pain control, activity modification, and proactive measures to prevent complications. Pain management often includes over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, though prescription medication may be necessary for more severe pain. Applying ice packs to the chest can also help reduce swelling and discomfort.
Rest and activity modification are important during the healing period. Avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and movements that put pressure on the chest, such as twisting, for at least 4 to 6 weeks. While rest is important, avoiding prolonged periods of lying down or staying still can help prevent chest infections.
Breathing exercises, such as deep breaths and regular coughing, are recommended to prevent complications like pneumonia by clearing lung secretions. Holding a pillow against the chest can make coughing less painful. Follow-up appointments with a doctor are important to monitor healing progress and address concerns.
Seek immediate medical attention if certain warning signs appear during recovery. These include new or worsening trouble breathing, increased pain, dizziness, or light-headedness. A fever, new or worsening cough, or coughing up yellow, green, or bloody phlegm also warrant prompt medical evaluation, as these could indicate a chest infection or other complications. If severe pain persists beyond eight weeks, consult your doctor.