Human composting, also known as natural organic reduction or terramation, offers an alternative to conventional burial or cremation. This process transforms human remains into a nutrient-rich, soil-like material. This article explores the duration of human composting, its steps, and influencing factors.
The Composting Process and Its Duration
Human composting begins by placing the deceased in a controlled vessel alongside organic materials such as wood chips, straw, and alfalfa. These plant-based elements provide the carbon and nitrogen necessary to support the natural microbial activity that breaks down the body. The environment within the vessel is carefully managed to optimize conditions for decomposition.
The initial transformation of the body into soil typically takes about 30 to 45 days. After this primary phase, any non-organic items, such as medical implants, are removed. Skeletal remains, which may persist, are then further processed and returned to the material. The resulting soil then undergoes a curing period, which can last an additional three to five weeks. Therefore, the complete human composting process, from placement to the final cured soil, generally spans two to three months.
Factors Influencing the Timeline
Several factors influence the timeline of the human composting process. The individual’s body composition, including their size, can affect decomposition speed. Providers often adjust other parameters to standardize the process, but individual variations play a role.
The specific organic materials used within the composting vessel also impact the efficiency and speed of decomposition. Mixtures of wood chips, alfalfa, and straw are commonly chosen to promote rapid microbial activity. Environmental controls within the facility, including optimal temperature ranges (130°F to 160°F / 55°C to 71°C), moisture levels, and consistent aeration, are crucial. These controlled conditions facilitate the work of microbes, accelerate the process, and ensure the resulting compost is safe and pathogen-free. The specific protocols and technologies employed by different service providers also contribute to the overall duration.
The Final Product and Its Use
Upon completion of the human composting process, the result is a rich, dark, soil-like material. This material is biologically valuable and nutrient-dense, resembling garden compost. Typically, each body yields approximately one cubic yard of this soil, which is equivalent to about 200 to 300 pounds.
Families have various options for the use of this soil. Many choose to use it for planting trees, nourishing gardens, or spreading it in meaningful natural areas. Some soil may also be donated to conservation efforts, contributing to land restoration projects. Human composting is permitted in a growing number of U.S. states, with Washington State being the first to legalize it in 2019.