Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that primarily affects young children, though it can also occur in older individuals. This contagious condition is caused by enteroviruses, primarily coxsackievirus A16. Fever is often an initial symptom.
Typical Fever Course
The fever typically appears 3 to 5 days after exposure to the virus. This initial fever can range from mild to moderate. It usually lasts for a short period, often subsiding within 2 to 3 days, though it can persist for up to 5 days.
The fever often begins to decrease before the characteristic rash of HFMD fully develops or reaches its peak intensity. While the fever is usually not severe, it indicates the body’s immune response to the viral infection. Most individuals recover from HFMD within 7 to 10 days. This short fever duration is a common pattern.
Accompanying Symptoms and When to Consult a Doctor
Other distinct symptoms typically emerge one or two days after the fever begins. Painful mouth sores are a hallmark of the disease, often starting as small red spots that blister on the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks. These sores can make swallowing difficult and reduce appetite. A skin rash also develops, characterized by red spots, sometimes with blisters, predominantly on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The rash may also appear on the buttocks, legs, and arms, and while not typically itchy, it can be tender.
It is important to know when to seek medical advice for HFMD. A healthcare provider should be consulted if a child cannot drink adequately and shows signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, sunken eyes, or reduced urine output. Medical attention is also warranted if the fever persists for more than three days, if symptoms worsen, or if they do not improve after 10 days. Parents should also contact a doctor if the child is very young, especially under 6 months old, or has a weakened immune system.
Comfort Measures and Fever Management
At home, managing HFMD focuses on symptom relief, as antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections. Over-the-counter fever reducers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate fever and general discomfort. It is important to follow age-appropriate dosing guidelines for these medications.
Adequate hydration is important, especially when painful mouth sores make swallowing difficult. Offering plenty of fluids, such as water, milk, or diluted fruit juices, can help prevent dehydration. Soft, easy-to-swallow foods like applesauce, mashed potatoes, or oatmeal can be more tolerable than solid foods. Avoiding hot, spicy, or acidic foods can also reduce irritation to mouth sores. For the rash and mouth sores, soothing measures like cool compresses or numbing mouthwashes may provide some relief.