Exposed dentin is a common dental issue causing discomfort. It results in tooth sensitivity, ranging from a mild sensation to sharp pain. This sensitivity often persists if the underlying exposure is not addressed.
Understanding Exposed Dentin
Dentin is a hard tissue layer beneath the enamel (which covers the visible tooth) and the cementum (which covers the tooth root). Unlike enamel, dentin contains millions of microscopic channels, or tubules, leading directly to the pulp, where nerves and blood vessels reside. When enamel or cementum wear away or recede, these tubules become exposed, allowing external stimuli to reach the nerves within the pulp.
Exposure to stimuli like hot or cold temperatures, sweet or acidic foods, or even air, triggers fluid movement within the dentinal tubules. This activates nerve endings in the pulp, resulting in the characteristic sharp pain known as dentin hypersensitivity. Common causes include gum recession (leaving the root surface unprotected) and enamel erosion from aggressive brushing, teeth grinding (bruxism), or frequent consumption of acidic foods and drinks.
How Long Exposed Dentin Lasts
Sensitivity from exposed dentin depends on its cause and treatment. If dentin is exposed due to chronic issues like gum recession or ongoing enamel loss, sensitivity can persist indefinitely and may worsen over time without intervention. Exposed dentin does not heal or regenerate naturally, so symptoms will likely continue until the underlying issue is resolved.
Tooth sensitivity can be temporary, often occurring after dental procedures. For example, sensitivity following a new dental filling subsides within a few days to a few weeks as the tooth adjusts. Sensitivity after professional teeth whitening treatments resolves within hours or days, though it can last for up to two weeks. Deep cleanings can also cause sensitivity that may last up to two weeks.
Treatment and Prevention
Managing exposed dentin involves professional dental treatments and at-home care. For relief and long-term management, desensitizing toothpastes with potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride can help by blocking dentinal tubules or calming nerves. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle brushing can prevent further enamel wear and gum recession.
Dentists offer several professional treatments to address exposed dentin:
- Fluoride varnishes or gels can be applied to strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity.
- For more significant exposure, dental bonding, fillings, or crowns can cover the affected areas, shielding the dentin from stimuli.
- In cases of severe gum recession, a gum graft may be performed to cover the exposed root surfaces.
- If pain is severe and persistent, a root canal might be considered to remove the irritated nerve.
Preventative measures are important to avoid exposed dentin. Limiting acidic foods and drinks, and rinsing the mouth with water after consumption, helps protect enamel from erosion. Wearing a nightguard can prevent enamel wear caused by teeth grinding. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important for early detection and intervention, helping maintain healthy gums and overall oral health.