Eczema coxsackium is a skin complication arising from Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), a common viral illness. It primarily affects individuals with pre-existing eczema or a compromised skin barrier. The condition develops when the coxsackievirus infects this vulnerable skin.
What is Eczema Coxsackium?
Eczema coxsackium is a distinct manifestation of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in individuals with underlying skin conditions like atopic dermatitis. It occurs when enteroviruses, most commonly Coxsackievirus A6 and A16, take advantage of the skin’s impaired protective layer. This allows the virus to spread more extensively across the body. The condition is a viral infection that capitalizes on the weakened skin barrier to cause a more widespread reaction.
Recognizing the Symptoms
The rash often appears as clusters of fluid-filled blisters, larger blisters (bullae), or eroded areas on the skin. These lesions are typically concentrated in regions already affected by eczema, though they can spread to other body parts including the face, torso, hands, feet, buttocks, and groin. The blisters can be painful and may sometimes itch, potentially leading to crusting and oozing as they heal. Other general symptoms that might accompany the rash include fever, sore throat, irritability, and fatigue, which are typical signs of the underlying HFMD infection.
How Long Does it Typically Last?
Eczema coxsackium typically resolves within one to two weeks with appropriate home care, though symptoms might persist for up to three weeks. The duration is influenced by the initial severity of the Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease infection, the extent of skin involvement, and an individual’s immune response. As the condition progresses, blisters will eventually dry out and form scabs, leading to healing. Secondary bacterial infections can prolong healing time and potentially lead to complications. After the acute phase, some individuals may experience temporary changes such as skin peeling on the palms and soles, or nail changes like horizontal ridging (Beau lines) or painless nail shedding (onychomadesis), which can appear one to two months later.
Care and Management
Managing eczema coxsackium involves supportive care to ease symptoms and prevent complications. Keeping affected skin clean and well-moisturized with fragrance-free emollients helps soothe irritation and support the skin barrier. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can manage fever and discomfort associated with the rash. Avoiding scratching the affected areas prevents further skin damage and reduces the risk of secondary bacterial infections. Good hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing, prevent the spread of the highly contagious coxsackievirus.
Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, if there are signs of a bacterial infection (such as pus, spreading redness, or increased pain), if a high fever persists, or if dehydration occurs, particularly if oral sores make drinking difficult. Young children or those with compromised immune systems should be monitored closely and receive prompt medical advice.