Many wonder how long viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19), can remain viable on soft furnishings like pillows. Understanding how this virus interacts with different materials helps clarify risks and informs effective cleaning practices for a healthy living environment.
Understanding Viral Survival on Surfaces
Viruses can persist on surfaces for varying durations, largely influenced by the type of material and surrounding environmental conditions. Hard, non-porous surfaces, such as plastic and stainless steel, generally allow viruses to survive longer than soft, porous materials. This difference arises because respiratory droplets containing viruses dry out more quickly when absorbed into the fibers of porous surfaces.
Factors such as temperature, humidity, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light also play a role in determining how long a virus remains infectious. Higher temperatures and UV light, for instance, can reduce viral viability. While SARS-CoV-2 can be detected on surfaces, the risk of transmission through touched objects is considered low compared to airborne spread.
COVID-19 on Fabric and Textiles
Research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 survives for a shorter time on fabrics and textiles compared to hard surfaces. For example, studies have shown that a model coronavirus, similar to SARS-CoV-2, could remain on 100% cotton for up to 24 hours, and on polycotton for about six hours. Polyester, however, showed a longer persistence, with the virus still detectable for up to three days.
The virus survives for hours to a few days on porous materials like clothing and bedding. Pillows, in particular, can absorb viral particles from an infected individual, making them a point of concern for potential contamination.
Cleaning and Disinfection Protocols
Regular laundering with standard detergents is an effective way to remove and inactivate SARS-CoV-2 from pillows and other fabric items. The combination of detergent, appropriate water temperature, and the mechanical action of washing helps to break down and flush away viral particles. It is recommended to wash items using the warmest water setting suitable for the fabric.
Most viruses, including coronaviruses, are inactivated at temperatures above 60°C (140°F). Some studies have shown that washing with detergent at 40°C (104°F) can eliminate the virus on cotton, while higher temperatures around 67°C (152.6°F) are needed for temperature alone to be effective. The World Health Organization suggests water temperatures between 60°C and 90°C (140-194°F) for effective disinfection.
After washing, it is important to dry items completely, as viruses can spread more easily on wet surfaces. Using a hot dryer further aids in inactivating any remaining viral traces. When handling laundry from someone who is ill, wearing disposable gloves is advisable, and hands should be washed thoroughly afterward. Additionally, avoid shaking dirty laundry to prevent dispersing viral particles into the air.