“Covid Mouth” describes a range of oral symptoms affecting the mouth, tongue, and gums in individuals with COVID-19. While the virus primarily impacts the respiratory system, it can also affect oral health.
Understanding Oral Symptoms
Oral symptoms of COVID-19 can cause discomfort. Dry mouth (xerostomia) is common, marked by decreased saliva production, leading to stickiness or dryness that can hinder speaking and swallowing. Taste changes (dysgeusia) are also frequent, ranging from reduced or complete loss of taste to an altered or metallic sensation.
The tongue may show swelling, discoloration, or white patches. Some individuals develop painful lesions or ulcers on the tongue or other soft tissues. A burning sensation in the mouth or on the tongue is another reported symptom. Gum inflammation and bleeding (gingivitis) have also been observed, possibly due to the body’s inflammatory response.
Factors Affecting Duration
The duration of COVID-19 oral symptoms varies. For many, symptoms like dry mouth resolve within days to a few weeks, often during the acute infection phase. Taste and smell changes often improve within four weeks for about 90% of affected individuals, though some experience longer issues.
Oral symptoms can persist for weeks or months beyond the initial infection, becoming part of “Long COVID.” These prolonged symptoms include ongoing dry mouth, persistent taste changes, or recurring oral lesions. The severity of the initial infection can influence duration, with more severe cases potentially leading to longer-lasting issues. The specific viral variant and viral load may also play a role.
An individual’s immune response and pre-existing health conditions can affect recovery. For example, those with compromised immune systems or certain underlying diseases might experience more prolonged oral manifestations. Vaccination status may also influence symptom severity and duration, potentially leading to milder and shorter-lived symptoms in vaccinated individuals.
Symptom Management
Several strategies can alleviate COVID-19 oral symptoms. Maintain consistent oral hygiene by brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and flossing regularly. Use an alcohol-free mouthwash, as alcohol-based rinses can irritate a dry or sore mouth.
Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water, especially for dry mouth. To stimulate saliva, chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free lozenges. Artificial saliva products can also relieve persistent dryness. Adjust diet by avoiding acidic, spicy, or very hot/cold foods to prevent irritation, and opt for soft foods when the mouth is sore.
Limit irritants like alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco, as they can worsen dry mouth and irritation. Mild over-the-counter pain relievers can be used for discomfort. Antiseptic mouthwashes might be suggested in some cases.
When to Consult a Doctor
Consult a healthcare professional if COVID-19 oral symptoms do not improve or worsen. Seek medical attention if issues persist for weeks or months, or significantly impact daily activities like eating or speaking. Severe pain not relieved by home care also warrants a doctor’s visit.
Any new or unusual lesions, such as unexplained sores, white patches, or growths that do not heal, require professional evaluation. Signs of infection, including swelling, pus, or fever with oral symptoms, also require prompt medical consultation. If difficulty swallowing or breathing develops alongside oral symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.