Thoracentesis is a procedure where a medical professional removes excess fluid from the pleural space, which is the area between the lungs and the chest wall. This fluid buildup, known as pleural effusion, can make breathing difficult. The procedure involves inserting a needle through the chest wall to drain the fluid.
Why Cough May Occur
A cough after a thoracentesis is a common and generally expected response. This physiological reaction often occurs as the lung, previously compressed by fluid, begins to re-expand and fill the space it normally occupies. The rapid re-expansion of the lung can stimulate the airways, leading to a cough that helps the lung fully inflate.
Airway irritation, which can occur during or after the insertion of the needle, may trigger the cough reflex. Although considered an adverse effect during the procedure, some research suggests that coughing during thoracentesis might have a beneficial effect by preventing an excessive drop in pleural pressure.
Expected Cough Duration
The duration of a cough after thoracentesis typically ranges from a few minutes to up to an hour following the procedure. This initial, short-lived cough is normal and indicates the lungs are re-expanding, though duration varies among individuals.
Factors influencing how long the cough persists include the amount of fluid removed and the underlying lung condition. If a large volume of fluid was drained, the lung has more space to re-expand, which might prolong the initial coughing spell. Some individuals may experience mild coughing that lingers for a few days, especially if there was significant lung compression.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While some coughing after thoracentesis is expected, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Contact your doctor for increasing cough severity, new or worsening shortness of breath, sudden trouble breathing, or new or worsening chest pain, especially with deep breaths.
Other warning signs include fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, chills, and any signs of infection at the needle insertion site. Infection signs include:
Increased pain
Redness
Warmth
Swelling
Pus draining from the site
Coughing up blood, significant fluid leakage from the puncture site, or feeling faint are also reasons to seek prompt medical care.
Tips for Managing Cough
Managing a cough after thoracentesis involves supportive care. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids can help soothe the throat and keep airways moist. Adequate rest is also beneficial, as it allows the body to recover from the procedure.
Avoiding irritants in your environment can help prevent exacerbating the cough. This includes steering clear of smoke, strong perfumes, and other airborne allergens or chemicals. Over-the-counter cough suppressants or pain relief medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be used if recommended by your healthcare provider to manage discomfort or inflammation. Always follow your doctor’s specific instructions for post-procedure care and medication use.