An abdominal ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time pictures of internal organs, such as the liver, kidneys, gallbladder, and pancreas. This procedure helps medical professionals assess the size and structure of these organs, investigate symptoms like abdominal pain, and detect conditions such as gallstones or tumors. The actual time spent undergoing the examination on the table usually ranges from 15 to 30 minutes.
Preparing for the Procedure
Proper preparation is required before an abdominal ultrasound to ensure sound waves penetrate tissues effectively and produce clear images. The most common instruction is to fast for six to twelve hours before the exam, refraining from eating or drinking anything except small sips of water. Fasting is necessary because food and liquids in the stomach or intestines create gas, which interferes with sound wave transmission and obscures the view of abdominal organs.
Fasting allows the gallbladder to become distended with bile, which is necessary for clear visualization and detection of gallstones. If the scan focuses on the kidneys or bladder, the patient may be asked to drink water to ensure a full bladder. Patients should wear loose-fitting clothing and remove any jewelry that might interfere with the scan. Regular medications can usually be taken with a small amount of water, but confirmation with the ordering physician is advised.
The Duration of the Scan
The time spent on the examination table generally falls between 15 and 30 minutes, with 30 minutes being the average. The procedure begins with applying a clear, water-based gel to the abdomen, which eliminates air pockets and ensures optimal contact between the skin and the transducer. The sonographer moves the handheld transducer across the skin, sending sound waves into the body and capturing the returning echoes as images.
The duration varies based on factors including the number of organs examined and the clarity of the images. The scan may take longer if the sonographer has difficulty visualizing a specific organ, perhaps due to excess intestinal gas or a patient’s body habitus. Unexpected findings or the need to perform a Doppler study to assess blood flow can also extend the examination time. Patients may be asked to change position or hold their breath briefly to obtain optimal views.
After the Examination is Complete
Once the sonographer captures all necessary images, the transducer is removed, and the water-based gel is wiped off the patient’s skin. Since the procedure is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation, patients can immediately resume their normal diet and activities unless instructed otherwise. The sonographer is limited in what they can discuss and will not provide a formal diagnosis.
The captured images are stored digitally and sent to a radiologist, a physician specializing in interpreting medical images, for detailed review. The radiologist compiles a formal report of findings, which is sent to the referring physician. This review and reporting process typically takes 24 to 48 hours, though facility times can vary. The referring physician will discuss the final results and any next steps, such as additional testing or treatment, with the patient.