A split urine test is a common procedure used to screen for the presence of certain substances, particularly in environments regulated by federal agencies. This collection method ensures fairness and accuracy in the testing process. Understanding the time commitment requires distinguishing between the brief collection period and the longer timeline for laboratory analysis and final reporting. This overview details the steps involved and the typical duration of each phase.
Defining the Split Specimen Process
The split specimen process differs from a standard urine test because the sample is divided into two separate, securely sealed containers at the collection site. The first bottle, the “primary” or “A” specimen, contains the majority of the sample and is immediately sent to a certified laboratory for initial analysis. The second, smaller container holds the “split” or “B” specimen, which is sealed and stored under specific conditions.
This division provides a mechanism for verification if the initial test result is disputed. If the primary sample returns a positive or questionable result, the individual has the right to request that the stored split specimen be sent to a different certified laboratory for independent confirmation. This system protects the rights of the person being tested. A successful collection requires a total minimum volume of 45 mL: at least 30 mL for the primary sample and 15 mL for the split sample.
Duration of the Collection Procedure
The physical collection and initial processing are often rapid events. Providing the urine specimen and securing the bottles typically takes between 5 and 10 minutes, assuming no complications. The collector must first verify the donor’s identity and complete the necessary paperwork on the Federal Custody and Control Form (CCF).
After the sample is provided, the collector must check the temperature within four minutes to ensure it falls within the acceptable range of 90°F to 100°F (32°C to 38°C). The collector then divides the sample into the two bottles, seals them with tamper-evident tape, and has the donor initial the seals. This documented procedure maintains the chain of custody and minimizes the chance of tampering before the samples are shipped to the laboratory.
Factors That Influence Collection Time
The collection process can extend significantly if a donor is unable to provide the required minimum volume of 45 mL of urine. This situation, commonly referred to as a “shy bladder,” triggers a specific protocol designed to ensure a valid sample is collected.
Under this protocol, the donor is required to remain at the collection site and is given fluids, typically up to 40 ounces of water, to consume over a period of up to three hours. The collection site staff must document all fluids consumed and all attempts to provide a sufficient specimen. The donor cannot leave the facility during this time, as doing so is considered a refusal to test. If a sufficient sample is provided within the three-hour window, the collection is completed; otherwise, the collection is discontinued and reported as an inability to provide a specimen. Delays can also occur if the initial specimen is outside the acceptable temperature range, which requires a new collection under direct observation.
Timeline for Receiving Results
The timeline for receiving the final result begins after the sealed specimens are shipped from the collection site to the laboratory. For a negative result, the laboratory analysis and reporting back to the Medical Review Officer (MRO) takes between 24 and 72 hours. The MRO, a licensed physician, then reviews the lab results, checks the chain of custody documentation, and reports the final verified result to the employer.
If the primary specimen yields a non-negative result, the process takes longer. The MRO must contact the donor to discuss the result and determine if there is a legitimate medical explanation, such as a valid prescription. The MRO must attempt to contact the donor at least three times within 24 hours. If the donor requests a test of the split specimen, that secondary analysis is initiated and performed by a different certified laboratory, which adds several more days before a final, verified result is reported to the employer.