An upper endoscopy, also known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a common medical procedure used to examine the upper part of the digestive tract. The physician guides a thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera through the mouth to view the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine. It is very common for patients to experience a mild sore throat, or pharyngitis, following this procedure. This discomfort is nearly always temporary and minor, representing one of the most frequently reported side effects.
The Mechanism of Post-Procedure Throat Irritation
The primary cause of the sore throat is the mechanical irritation that occurs when the endoscope is inserted and advanced through the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter. The sensitive mucosal lining of the throat can experience minor trauma or friction from the passage of the instrument. This physical contact can lead to localized inflammation, which the patient perceives as a scratchy or sore sensation.
The duration of the procedure can also be a factor, as a longer time spent manipulating the scope may increase the amount of friction and tissue irritation. In some cases, a protective mouthguard is used to prevent the patient from biting the scope, which can also contribute to minor pressure or irritation in the mouth and throat area. If general anesthesia requiring the placement of a breathing tube was necessary, the intubation itself is a separate source of throat irritation.
Expected Duration of Throat Discomfort
The scratchiness and soreness associated with an upper endoscopy are self-limiting and resolve quickly. For most patients, the discomfort is at its worst in the hours immediately following the procedure as the local anesthetic wears off. The mild irritation usually peaks within the first 4 to 6 hours after the endoscopy.
A majority of people find that the sore throat completely resolves within 24 to 48 hours of the procedure. If the discomfort persists beyond 48 hours, it should still be minor and manageable with simple remedies. Pain that lasts longer than 72 hours is uncommon and warrants a call to the physician to ensure the recovery is proceeding normally.
The level of pain should remain mild to moderate, feeling more like a persistent scratchiness than a severe, sharp pain. A significant increase in pain after the first day is not typical and should be noted.
At-Home Strategies for Immediate Relief
Managing the discomfort involves simple, soothing measures to reduce inflammation and keep the throat moist. You should only start eating or drinking once the initial throat numbness from the procedure’s local anesthetic has completely worn off to prevent accidental aspiration. Any medications, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), should be cleared by your doctor.
Relief Measures
- Sucking on ice chips, popsicles, or consuming cold liquids can provide temporary numbing relief.
- Throat lozenges containing ingredients like honey or menthol can help soothe the pharynx and stimulate saliva production.
- Gargling with warm salt water several times a day can help reduce swelling and cleanse the area.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can be helpful for pain that is more than minor irritation.
- Sticking to a diet of soft, bland foods for the first day or two will prevent further mechanical irritation of the throat lining.
Recognizing When Symptoms Require Medical Attention
While mild throat soreness is a normal part of recovery, certain symptoms suggest a more serious complication that requires immediate medical attention.
Warning Signs
- Pain that worsens significantly after the first 24 hours instead of improving.
- Persistent or severe difficulty swallowing, especially the inability to manage liquids.
- Development of a fever (over 101°F).
- Chest pain that is not relieved by time or mild pain medication.
- Coughing up blood, blood in the vomit, or severe, unrelieved abdominal pain.
These symptoms are rare but require prompt medical evaluation, as they may suggest complications such as infection or a tear in the gastrointestinal lining.