A fever in children indicates the body’s natural response to an infection or illness. A child has a fever when their body temperature reaches or exceeds 100.4°F (38°C) rectally, or 99.5°F (37.5°C) orally. While concerning, a fever often signals the immune system is actively working to combat a pathogen. Most fevers in children are not serious and resolve without specific medical intervention beyond comfort measures.
Understanding Typical Fever Length
Most fevers in children, particularly from common viral infections like the common cold or influenza, typically subside within a few days. A routine viral illness fever can last between 24 to 72 hours, though some viral infections may cause a fever to persist for up to five days. For instance, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can lead to fevers that linger for several days, particularly in younger children.
The duration of a fever varies based on the specific type of infection. Common childhood illnesses like roseola typically present with a high fever for three to five days before a rash appears. Adenovirus infections can also cause fevers that last a few days, often alongside respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms.
What Affects How Long a Fever Lasts
The underlying cause of a fever significantly influences its duration. Fevers from viral infections, the most frequent culprits, often resolve as the child’s immune system clears the virus. Bacterial infections, such as ear infections or strep throat, may result in fevers that persist until appropriate antibiotic treatment begins.
A child’s age also plays a role in how long a fever might last and how it is managed. Infants under three months old have developing immune systems and may react differently to infections, sometimes experiencing prolonged fevers or requiring closer medical attention for even mild temperature elevations. Older children, with more mature immune responses, might recover more quickly from similar illnesses.
Signs It’s Time to Call the Doctor
Certain signs and symptoms accompanying a fever indicate the need for medical consultation. For infants younger than three months, any fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher warrants immediate medical evaluation due to their limited ability to fight off infections and the potential for serious underlying conditions.
A fever reaching 104°F (40°C) or higher in an older child is a cause for concern and should prompt a call to a healthcare provider. A fever lasting longer than three to five days, even if not excessively high, suggests the body might be struggling to overcome the infection. Other symptoms necessitating medical attention include difficulty breathing, a stiff neck, severe headache, a new or unusual rash, signs of dehydration like reduced urination or dry mouth, or persistent vomiting and diarrhea. If a child appears unusually lethargic, unresponsive, or is difficult to awaken, these are serious indicators for immediate medical advice.
Comfort Measures for Your Child
While a child has a fever, several home care strategies can help them feel more comfortable. Encouraging consistent fluid intake is important to prevent dehydration. Offering water, clear broths, or oral rehydration solutions can help maintain hydration. Ensuring the child gets adequate rest supports their body in fighting the infection.
Dressing the child in light clothing helps prevent overheating and allows body heat to dissipate. A lukewarm sponge bath can help lower body temperature and provide temporary relief, but avoid cold baths or alcohol rubs as they can cause shivering. Over-the-counter fever reducers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can alleviate discomfort and reduce fever. Follow age-appropriate dosing instructions and consult a pediatrician for specific recommendations, especially for very young children.