Diverticulitis is a digestive condition where small pouches, called diverticula, form in the large intestine and become inflamed or infected. These pouches are common, especially in individuals over 40, with their presence known as diverticulosis. While diverticulosis often causes no symptoms, a diverticulitis flare-up occurs when these pouches become problematic, leading to discomfort.
Typical Flare-Up Duration
The duration of a diverticulitis flare-up varies significantly. Mild flare-ups often last from a few days to about a week. Symptoms such as abdominal pain (often in the lower left side), fever, and changes in bowel habits like constipation or diarrhea are common.
Acute symptoms may begin to resolve within a few days of starting treatment, but full recovery can extend longer. Uncomplicated cases, managed at home with rest and dietary adjustments, typically improve within two to three days. More severe episodes can take one to two weeks or longer, potentially requiring more intensive medical intervention.
Factors Influencing Duration
Several elements influence how long a diverticulitis flare-up persists. The severity of inflammation plays a significant role; uncomplicated cases generally resolve faster than complicated ones. Complications such as abscess formation, perforation (a tear in the colon wall), fistulas (abnormal connections between organs), or bowel obstruction can prolong recovery and often necessitate hospital care. About 15% of people with diverticulitis develop such complications.
Overall health status impacts recovery time. People with underlying conditions, a weakened immune system, or chronic kidney disease may experience longer or more severe flare-ups. Adherence to prescribed treatments, including dietary modifications and medication, is important for a timely resolution. The specific type of treatment initiated, whether outpatient management or hospitalization, directly affects the course and duration of the flare-up.
Managing a Flare-Up
Managing a diverticulitis flare-up involves rest and dietary adjustments to allow the colon to heal. Initially, a clear liquid diet is recommended for a few days to rest the digestive system. This might include clear broths, pulp-free juices, water, and gelatin. As symptoms improve, a gradual transition to a low-fiber diet is advised.
Low-fiber foods like white bread, white rice, cooked fruits (without skin or seeds), and well-cooked vegetables can be slowly introduced. Protein sources such as eggs, lean poultry, and fish are beneficial. If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed to clear the infection and prevent complications. While rest is important, gentle activities like walking can promote bowel movement and alleviate constipation.
When to Seek Medical Care
Recognizing when to seek medical attention during a diverticulitis flare-up is important for preventing serious complications. Persistent or worsening abdominal pain, especially if severe or constant, is a significant warning sign. A high fever, chills, and excessive nausea or vomiting also warrant prompt medical evaluation. These symptoms can indicate a more severe infection or complications.
Other alarming symptoms include blood in the stool (which may appear bright red) or an inability to have a bowel movement, suggesting obstruction. If dizziness, light-headedness, or weakness accompany these symptoms, it could signal a perforation or widespread infection. Delaying professional help can lead to severe consequences, including abscesses, a tear in the colon wall (perforation), or peritonitis.