A dental bridge is a fixed prosthetic device designed to replace one or more missing teeth by joining an artificial tooth to adjacent natural teeth or dental implants. This restoration closes gaps in the smile, maintaining facial structure and preventing surrounding teeth from shifting. A dental bridge typically lasts from 5 to 15 years, with many lasting 10 years or longer with proper care.
Factors Affecting Bridge Lifespan
Several factors influence a dental bridge’s lifespan. Consistent oral hygiene is important; plaque buildup, gum disease, and decay around the bridge and its supporting teeth can significantly shorten its lifespan.
The health of the natural teeth supporting the bridge, known as abutment teeth, is also important. If these teeth develop decay, gum disease, or become structurally weakened, the bridge’s foundation is compromised, potentially leading to its failure. The bridge material also contributes to durability. Common materials include porcelain, metal alloys, zirconia, or combinations like porcelain-fused-to-metal, with zirconia known for strength.
Bite forces and habits can stress a dental bridge. Bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching), or chewing hard foods like ice, can lead to premature wear or damage. The bridge’s location also matters; those in high-force areas, like back molars, may experience more stress and wear over time.
Quality fabrication is another factor. A well-designed and precisely fitted bridge is more likely to establish proper bite alignment and last longer. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important for early detection and timely intervention.
Recognizing When a Bridge Needs Attention
Understanding the signs that a dental bridge may require professional attention is important for prompt care. These signs include:
- Pain or sensitivity around the bridge or its supporting teeth, which can indicate underlying problems such as decay or inflammation.
- A feeling of looseness or instability in the bridge, a clear sign that its bond may be weakening or that the supporting structures are compromised.
- Gum inflammation, redness, or bleeding around the bridge, which can signal gum disease or an improper fit, allowing bacteria to accumulate.
- Visible damage to the bridge material, such as chipping, cracking, or wear, also indicates a need for assessment.
- New decay on the abutment teeth beneath the crowns, which can compromise the bridge’s integrity and often manifests as pain or sensitivity.
- Changes in how the bite feels, or discomfort when chewing, suggesting that the bridge may have shifted or is wearing unevenly.
- Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth, which can indicate trapped food particles or bacterial accumulation under or around the bridge, suggesting a potential issue that needs to be addressed.
Consult a dentist promptly upon noticing any of these signs to prevent further complications.
Strategies for Extending Bridge Life
To prolong a dental bridge’s life, follow these strategies:
Oral Hygiene
Meticulous oral hygiene is essential. Brush teeth at least twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily. Use specialized tools like floss threaders, interdental brushes, or a water flosser to clean difficult-to-reach areas around and under the bridge, preventing plaque buildup and decay on abutment teeth.
Avoid Damaging Habits
Protect the bridge from undue stress by avoiding damaging habits. Refrain from chewing hard items like ice, hard candies, or popcorn kernels, and do not use teeth as tools. For those who grind or clench their teeth (bruxism), a custom-fitted nightguard can protect the bridge and natural teeth from excessive force during sleep.
Regular Dental Visits and Diet
Regular dental visits are important for ongoing maintenance and early detection. Bi-annual check-ups and professional cleanings allow dentists to assess the bridge’s condition, monitor supporting teeth and gums, and address concerns. A balanced diet, limiting sugary or acidic foods, also contributes to abutment teeth longevity by reducing decay risk.
Considerations After Bridge Failure
If a dental bridge fails, several tooth replacement options are available.
Replacement Bridge
If the supporting abutment teeth remain healthy, a replacement bridge may be suitable. This involves fabricating and installing a new bridge, provided the underlying dental structure can still support it.
Dental Implants
Dental implants are another choice, offering a durable and independent solution. Implants are surgically placed into the jawbone and can support crowns or an implant-supported bridge. This option provides superior stability and long-term survival, especially if original abutment teeth are compromised, as it does not rely on adjacent natural teeth for support.
Removable Partial Denture
A removable partial denture may be an alternative. While less common for single tooth replacements, it is a viable option for multiple missing teeth, particularly if other solutions are not feasible due to bone loss or remaining tooth condition.
The most appropriate course of action after bridge failure depends on individual oral health, bone density, and overall needs, and should be determined with a dental professional.