Eye cysts are common, often benign fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or around the eyes. While many are harmless and resolve without intervention, their presence can sometimes cause discomfort or concern.
Understanding Conjunctival Cysts
A conjunctival cyst is a noncancerous growth that forms on the conjunctiva, the clear, thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. These cysts typically appear as small, clear, or yellowish fluid-filled bumps on the surface of the eye. They are usually benign. The conjunctiva plays a role in protecting and lubricating the eye, acting as a barrier against external irritants.
Conjunctival cysts can develop for various reasons. Some are present from birth, while others form spontaneously without a clear cause. Common triggers include irritation to the conjunctiva, such as from allergies, environmental pollutants, or chronic inflammation. They can also arise from blocked ducts within the conjunctiva, leading to a buildup of secretions, or when a piece of the conjunctival tissue folds into itself. Injury, eye surgery, or even certain health conditions can also contribute to their formation.
How Long Do They Typically Last?
The duration of a conjunctival cyst varies significantly, ranging from a few days to several weeks. Many of these cysts are temporary and can resolve on their own without any specific treatment. Doctors often recommend observing the cyst first to see if it disappears naturally.
Several factors influence how long a conjunctival cyst persists. The size of the cyst is a factor; smaller cysts are more likely to resolve spontaneously. The underlying cause also matters; cysts resulting from transient irritation disappear faster than those linked to chronic inflammation or a blocked duct. If a cyst causes persistent irritation or discomfort, it is less likely to resolve on its own and could require intervention. Even after treatment, recurrence is possible, especially if the original cause, such as an allergen, persists.
When to Consult a Doctor
Specific signs indicate a need for medical attention. Consult an eye care professional if the cyst causes persistent discomfort, pain, or a feeling that something is constantly in your eye. These symptoms can interfere with daily activities and may suggest the cyst is not resolving or is growing.
Other warning signs include sudden changes in vision, such as blurriness or a visual defect. If the cyst increases noticeably in size, or if you observe increased redness or swelling around the eye, seek an evaluation. Difficulty closing your eye, excessive tearing, itchiness, or a burning sensation also signal a need for professional assessment. An eye doctor can accurately diagnose the cyst and rule out other conditions that might have similar appearances.
Managing Conjunctival Cysts
Managing conjunctival cysts often begins with conservative measures, especially if the cyst is small and asymptomatic. For mild irritation or dryness, over-the-counter lubricating eye drops provide relief by keeping the eye moist. Applying warm compresses to the affected eye two to three times daily can help reduce discomfort and inflammation. Avoiding rubbing or touching the eyes with unwashed hands can prevent further irritation or infection.
If self-care methods are insufficient or the cyst is bothersome, medical interventions are available. An ophthalmologist may prescribe corticosteroid eye drops to reduce inflammation and prevent enlargement. For persistent or symptomatic cysts, a minor procedure called aspiration can be performed, where a fine needle drains fluid from the cyst. While aspiration is less invasive, recurrence is more likely because the cyst wall may not be fully removed. In cases of recurrent, large, or visually impairing cysts, surgical excision may be recommended to prevent recurrence. Recovery from these procedures typically takes a few days, with the eye healing completely within a week.