A breast ultrasound is a non-invasive medical imaging test that utilizes high-frequency sound waves to create real-time pictures of the internal structures of the breast tissue. This procedure is commonly used to further evaluate abnormalities, such as lumps or suspicious areas, that are initially detected during a physical exam or a screening mammogram. Unlike a mammogram, which uses X-rays, the ultrasound technique is considered safe for all patients, including those who are pregnant, because it does not involve any ionizing radiation. The primary purpose of the scan is to determine if a mass is a fluid-filled cyst, which is typically benign, or a solid mass that may require additional testing like a biopsy.
Total Appointment Time Versus Actual Scan Time
The time spent at the imaging facility is longer than the actual scanning time. The overall appointment, from check-in to discharge, commonly takes about 45 to 60 minutes. This duration accounts for administrative steps like paperwork, waiting time, changing into a gown, and a brief interview with the technologist.
The actual scanning time is significantly shorter, generally lasting between 15 and 30 minutes. This time is dedicated to the technologist performing the examination and capturing the necessary images. The length of the scan depends on whether it is a focused diagnostic exam on one area or a comprehensive screening of the entire breast. If the radiologist needs to consult with the technologist or review the images during the appointment, the scan portion may extend slightly.
Preparing for the Ultrasound
Preparation for a breast ultrasound is minimal. Patients should wear comfortable, two-piece clothing, as they will need to undress from the waist up and wear a facility gown. It is recommended to avoid wearing jewelry that might interfere with the examination.
On the day of the procedure, refrain from applying lotions, powders, deodorants, or creams to the chest or armpits. These substances can interfere with the conductive gel and create artifacts, or false images, that obscure the breast tissue. While no fasting or special dietary restrictions are required, arriving early allows time for check-in and documentation.
What Happens During the Scan
Once in the examination room, the technologist, often called a sonographer, will position you on the padded exam table, typically lying on your back. You will be asked to raise your arm above your head on the side being examined. This positioning helps spread the breast tissue more evenly for better access and easier scanning.
The sonographer applies a clear, water-based gel to the breast area, sometimes slightly warmed for comfort. This gel eliminates air pockets between the skin and the transducer, a small handheld device, facilitating the transmission of sound waves. The technologist then gently presses the transducer against the skin and moves it back and forth over the area of interest.
As the transducer moves, it captures returning echoes, which are converted into real-time images displayed on a monitor. The technologist captures multiple images and takes precise measurements of any identified masses. You will feel light pressure from the transducer, but the procedure is typically painless.
After the Appointment
Immediately following the scan, the technologist will wipe the water-based gel from your skin, and you can get dressed. The gel is water-soluble and generally does not stain clothing. You are free to resume your normal daily activities with no physical restrictions.
A specialized doctor called a radiologist performs the interpretation of the captured images. While some facilities offer a preliminary discussion of findings before you leave, the official, finalized report is sent to the referring physician. The referring physician will then discuss the results with you, usually within a few days.