Compression stockings are specialized garments designed to apply gentle pressure to the legs. Following surgical procedures, these stockings play a supportive role in patient recovery. They assist the circulatory system in the lower limbs when mobility is reduced. They are a common part of post-operative care.
Why Compression Stockings Are Used Post-Surgery
After surgery, reduced mobility can slow blood flow in the legs, increasing the risk of blood clot formation, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT involves clots developing in the deep veins, most commonly in the legs, and can lead to serious complications. Compression stockings apply graduated pressure, strongest at the ankle and gradually decreases towards the thigh.
This graduated pressure gently squeezes leg veins, encouraging blood flow back to the heart. By promoting venous return, stockings prevent blood from pooling in the lower extremities, a factor in clot formation. Preventing DVT is a primary objective, as a DVT can dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a potentially life-threatening condition known as a pulmonary embolism (PE). Reducing post-operative swelling is another benefit, as improved circulation minimizes fluid accumulation.
Factors Influencing Wear Duration
The duration for wearing compression stockings after surgery varies based on individual and procedural factors. A major determinant is the type of surgery performed; for instance, major orthopedic surgeries, such as hip or knee replacements, often require longer periods of use compared to less invasive procedures. The extent of the surgical trauma and the patient’s expected mobility level post-operatively also guide the recommended wear time.
Individual risk factors for blood clots influence the duration. Older patients, individuals with a history of blood clots, those with certain medical conditions like cancer or clotting disorders, and patients who anticipate prolonged immobility are typically advised to wear stockings for an extended period. The surgeon’s specific recommendations, based on a comprehensive assessment, are important. While some minor procedures might only require stockings for a few days, more complex surgeries or high-risk patients could necessitate wearing them for several weeks, or until full mobility is regained.
Proper Use and Discontinuation
Proper application of compression stockings is important for their effectiveness and patient comfort. Stockings should be put on in the morning before swelling develops, often while still lying down. They should fit smoothly without wrinkles or bunching, which could create pressure points and impede circulation. Daily removal is recommended for hygiene, skin checks, and to allow the skin to breathe.
Caring for stockings involves hand washing with mild soap and air drying to maintain their elasticity and compressive properties. The decision to discontinue wearing compression stockings should be made in consultation with the surgeon or healthcare provider. Patients should not stop using them prematurely, even if they feel better or more mobile. New or worsening swelling, skin irritation, redness, pain, or any unusual sensations in the legs are signs that warrant immediate contact with a healthcare provider.