Scopolamine patches are a transdermal medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting. These patches commonly address symptoms associated with motion sickness, such as those experienced during travel by sea or air. They also find use in managing post-operative nausea and vomiting, which can occur after anesthesia and surgical procedures.
Recommended Application Duration
A scopolamine patch is designed to deliver medication for an extended period. For preventing motion sickness, a single patch typically provides effectiveness for up to 72 hours (three days). This is because the patch is engineered to release approximately 1 mg of scopolamine steadily over this timeframe.
If continuous treatment is necessary beyond the initial 72 hours, the existing patch should be removed. A new patch can then be applied to a different site, specifically behind the opposite ear, to continue the preventative effect.
For preventing post-operative nausea and vomiting, the patch is typically applied the evening before surgery and removed 24 hours after the procedure.
Proper timing of application is important for effectiveness. For motion sickness, the patch should be applied at least four hours before the anticipated activity. When used for surgery, it is usually applied the night before the scheduled procedure.
Proper Application and Usage
Applying a scopolamine patch correctly helps ensure its effectiveness.
The patch should be placed on a clean, dry, hairless area of skin directly behind the ear. It is important to avoid areas with cuts, irritation, or scars, as these can affect absorption or cause discomfort.
After removing the patch from its protective pouch, avoid touching the adhesive side, which contains the medication. Press the patch firmly onto the chosen skin area to ensure it adheres properly. Once applied, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to prevent medication residue from contacting your eyes or other sensitive areas.
Only one patch should be worn at any given time, and the patch should not be cut, as this can alter the controlled release of the medication.
While the patch is designed to stay in place during activities like showering or bathing, limit prolonged water contact, such as during swimming, to prevent detachment. If a patch falls off, it should be discarded, and a new one can be applied to the other ear.
When the patch is no longer needed, fold it in half with the sticky sides together and dispose of it safely, out of reach of children and pets. The application site behind the ear should also be washed with soap and water after removal.
Potential Effects and Considerations
Individuals using scopolamine patches may experience effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and drowsiness. Some users might also notice dizziness or dilated pupils.
Less common but more significant effects can include confusion, agitation, or hallucinations. Difficulty urinating, eye pain, or a rash at the application site have also been reported. In rare instances, seizures may occur.
After removing the patch, some individuals might experience withdrawal symptoms, particularly if the patch was used for several days. These symptoms can include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, imbalance, and confusion. These effects typically begin within 24 to 48 hours after patch removal and can persist for several days to weeks. The risk of withdrawal symptoms tends to be higher with longer periods of patch use.
Scopolamine patches are not suitable for everyone and come with important warnings. They are contraindicated for individuals with closed-angle glaucoma, as the medication can increase eye pressure. Caution is also advised for those with certain heart conditions, prostate enlargement, or preeclampsia during pregnancy.
The medication can interact with other substances. Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants (e.g., antihistamines, sedatives, opioids, muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants) can enhance drowsiness and dizziness when combined with scopolamine. Remove the patch before an MRI scan, as it contains aluminum which can cause skin burns. Always consult a healthcare professional regarding concerns or before combining the patch with other medications.