Hemorrhoid surgery removes swollen veins in the anus and rectum. While effective, patients should anticipate some bleeding during recovery. This post-operative bleeding is a common part of the healing process. Understanding normal bleeding versus concerning signs helps manage expectations.
Normal Post-Surgery Bleeding
After hemorrhoid surgery, light bleeding is normal. It typically appears as light red or pink streaks on toilet paper or small amounts on dressings, especially after a bowel movement. You might also notice some blood in your underwear, sometimes accompanied by clear or yellow discharge. This occurs as surgical wounds heal.
The duration of normal bleeding varies. Active bleeding, particularly after bowel movements, is common for the first few days, especially within 48 to 72 hours. Bleeding up to an egg cupful with each bowel movement in the first two weeks is normal. Light spotting may continue for several weeks as the surgical site heals. Around 7 to 14 days post-operation, a small amount of bright red blood might appear as surgical threads separate. This usually resolves on its own.
When Bleeding Signals a Problem
While some bleeding is expected, certain signs indicate abnormal bleeding requiring immediate medical attention. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience heavy, continuous bright red bleeding that soaks through dressings. Bleeding of more than a cupful (200 ml) in 24 hours is concerning. The passage of large blood clots also warrants prompt evaluation.
Other red flags include bleeding accompanied by severe or worsening pain that is not relieved by medication. A fever above 100.4°F (38°C) or chills, along with bleeding, can signal an infection and be reported to your doctor. Dizziness or lightheadedness, which might suggest significant blood loss, also necessitates immediate medical consultation. Prompt communication with your surgical team is important if any of these symptoms arise.
Supporting Your Recovery
Supporting your recovery after hemorrhoid surgery involves several practical measures to manage bleeding and promote healing. Maintaining soft stools helps avoid straining during bowel movements, which could re-open wounds or increase bleeding. This is achieved through a high-fiber diet, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with drinking plenty of water. Your doctor might also recommend stool softeners or mild laxatives to ensure regularity and prevent constipation, a known risk factor for delayed bleeding.
Proper hygiene is also important; sitz baths, which involve sitting in a few inches of warm water, can help soothe the area, reduce discomfort, and promote blood flow for healing. These can be done several times a day, especially after bowel movements. After bowel movements, it is advisable to use gentle wipes or a bidet instead of dry toilet paper to prevent irritation.
Pain management strategies, including prescribed medications and over-the-counter options, help ensure comfort and prevent straining due to pain. Maintaining good pain control is also important as severe pain can sometimes contribute to delayed bleeding by causing muscle spasms. Limiting strenuous activities and heavy lifting for several weeks post-surgery helps protect the surgical site from undue pressure and potential re-injury.