An endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure that involves taking a small tissue sample from the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus. Healthcare providers use it to investigate various conditions, such as abnormal uterine bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, or to screen for endometrial cancer. The process typically takes about 10 to 15 minutes and can often be done in a doctor’s office. This diagnostic tool helps identify cell changes, hormone variations, or infections.
Expected Bleeding After an Endometrial Biopsy
After an endometrial biopsy, some vaginal bleeding or spotting is common. This bleeding typically lasts two to three days, though light spotting or a blood-stained discharge may persist for up to a week.
Post-procedure bleeding is distinct from a regular menstrual period. It is generally light spotting, appearing as a brownish or pinkish discharge. This type of bleeding should not be heavy, meaning it should not soak through a sanitary pad within an hour for consecutive hours. The bleeding should gradually lighten and subside.
Mild cramping, similar to menstrual cramps, may occur alongside the bleeding. This discomfort typically subsides within 48 hours.
Managing Post-Biopsy Bleeding and Discomfort
Managing the expected bleeding and any mild discomfort following an endometrial biopsy involves simple measures to support recovery and reduce the risk of complications. It is recommended to use sanitary pads instead of tampons after the procedure. This practice helps to reduce the risk of infection.
To alleviate cramping, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be effective. It is important to consult with your healthcare provider about which pain relievers are appropriate, as some medications, like aspirin, can increase bleeding. Avoiding sexual intercourse and douching for several days, or as advised by your healthcare provider, is also important to prevent infection and allow the uterine lining to heal.
Most individuals can resume their normal activities shortly after the procedure. However, it may be advisable to avoid strenuous activity or heavy lifting for a few days, depending on specific instructions from your healthcare provider. Taking a few moments to rest immediately after the biopsy can also contribute to a smoother recovery.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While some bleeding and discomfort are normal after an endometrial biopsy, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. You should contact your healthcare provider if you experience very heavy bleeding, such as soaking through more than one sanitary pad per hour for two consecutive hours. Bleeding that lasts significantly longer than the expected few days or a week also requires medical evaluation.
Signs of infection are another reason to seek prompt medical advice. These include developing a fever, experiencing chills, or noticing a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Severe pain in the lower abdomen that is not manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers, or pain that worsens after two to three days, should also be reported. These symptoms could indicate a complication that needs timely assessment and treatment.