Myalgia, or muscle aches, is a widely reported symptom of COVID-19, often presenting early in the course of the illness. This widespread body pain can range from mild soreness to severe, flu-like discomfort affecting muscles and joints. For many, these aches signal the start of the infection, making the duration and cause a major concern. Understanding how long this discomfort typically lasts is valuable for individuals managing a COVID-19 infection at home.
The Mechanism of COVID-19 Body Aches
The widespread muscle pain experienced during COVID-19 is primarily a byproduct of the body’s robust immune response fighting the SARS-CoV-2 virus. When the immune system detects the virus, it releases signaling proteins called cytokines to coordinate the defense. This rapid, generalized inflammatory reaction is the main driver of myalgia.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), circulate throughout the body and are thought to cause muscle and joint pain. While the pain is mostly immune-mediated, the SARS-CoV-2 virus may also directly affect muscle tissue by interacting with the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors found on muscle cells.
Typical Duration and Factors Influencing Timeline
For most individuals with a mild-to-moderate case of COVID-19, the body aches are an acute symptom that resolves relatively quickly. The most intense muscle pain often occurs early in the infection and typically lasts for a few days to about a week. Myalgia usually begins to subside as other symptoms, like fever or respiratory issues, start to improve. However, the exact duration is highly variable and depends on several factors.
Vaccination status plays a role, as vaccinated individuals who experience a breakthrough infection often report milder symptoms that clear up faster than in unvaccinated people. The specific viral variant may also influence symptom presentation, with some strains causing more prominent flu-like symptoms, including body aches. The overall severity of the illness is another significant factor; cases requiring hospitalization or leading to significant inflammation may cause the aches to last longer, sometimes up to two weeks. Age and underlying health conditions, such as pre-existing inflammatory conditions, can also impact the timeline.
Symptom Management for Relief
Managing acute COVID-19 myalgia focuses on reducing inflammation and providing comfort while the body recovers. Over-the-counter pain relievers are a primary tool for relief, with options including acetaminophen, which is effective for both pain and fever. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen may also be used to target inflammation and pain. Patients should always follow dosage instructions carefully and consider any contraindications with pre-existing conditions or other medications.
Non-pharmacological strategies are also helpful in easing muscle discomfort. Adequate rest is important, as physical exertion can sometimes exacerbate pain symptoms. Staying well-hydrated is necessary, as proper fluid balance supports muscle function and recovery. Applying heat, such as through a warm bath or a heating pad, can help relax sore muscles and temporarily relieve the ache. Gentle, low-impact stretching may also be beneficial for stiffness and pain, but aggressive exercise should be avoided.
When Aches Persist Beyond Acute Illness
While most people find their body aches disappear with the acute infection, a smaller percentage may experience myalgia that lingers or recurs. When muscle pain persists for four weeks or more following the initial illness, it is considered part of the Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), commonly known as “Long COVID.” Myalgia is a common component of PASC, often affecting survivors months after the infection.
The mechanism for this chronic muscle pain is complex and may involve ongoing low-grade inflammation, an autoimmune response, or reduced blood flow to muscle tissues. This prolonged pain often occurs alongside other symptoms like fatigue and cognitive issues. If body aches worsen, are accompanied by new or concerning symptoms, or persist for several weeks, consult a healthcare provider. A medical professional can evaluate whether the persistent myalgia is related to PASC or another underlying issue, allowing for appropriate monitoring and management.