A suppository is a solid form of medication designed for insertion into a body cavity, typically the rectum or vagina. This method allows medication absorption into the bloodstream or direct local action. Suppositories serve as an alternative to oral medications, especially when swallowing pills is difficult, or when a localized effect is desired. They can be beneficial for individuals such as infants, older adults, or those experiencing nausea and vomiting.
Understanding Suppository Action and Onset
The time a suppository takes to work varies based on medication type, formulation, and individual physiological responses. Once inserted, body warmth melts or dissolves the suppository’s base material, releasing the active medication. This medication is then absorbed through mucous membranes for systemic effects or acts locally at the insertion site.
Laxative suppositories, such as those containing glycerin or bisacodyl, have a rapid onset. Glycerin suppositories work within 15 to 30 minutes by drawing water into the rectum to soften stool and stimulate bowel movements. Bisacodyl suppositories, which stimulate intestinal muscles, produce effects within 15 to 60 minutes. Carbon dioxide-releasing suppositories work within 15 to 30 minutes by gently stimulating the bowels.
Other types of suppositories, used for conditions like hemorrhoids, pain, or fever, have different onset times. Hemorrhoid suppositories provide soothing action within minutes, with healing effects starting within a week of consistent use. The base material influences melting speed. Factors like local blood flow and fecal matter for rectal suppositories can impact absorption efficiency. The intended effect, whether immediate bowel movement or sustained pain relief, also influences onset time.
Administering Suppositories Correctly
Proper administration ensures the suppository works as intended and medication is effectively absorbed. Before handling, wash your hands with soap and water. If the suppository is too soft, firm it up by holding it under cool water or placing it in the refrigerator for a few minutes.
For rectal suppositories, remove the wrapper and moisten the tip with water or a water-based lubricant to ease insertion. Position yourself comfortably, such as lying on your side with one leg bent, or standing with one leg raised. Gently push the suppository, pointed end first, about one inch into the rectum, past the muscular sphincter, to prevent expulsion. After insertion, remain still for about 15 to 20 minutes to allow melting and absorption.
For vaginal suppositories, after hand washing and unwrapping, an applicator is often used, or inserted with a finger. Lie on your back with knees bent or stand with knees bent and feet apart for comfortable insertion. Gently insert the applicator as far as it comfortably goes, then press the plunger to release the suppository. Remaining still for a few minutes after insertion helps ensure dissolution and absorption.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Consult a healthcare professional if a suppository does not produce the expected effect within the anticipated timeframe. For instance, if a laxative suppository for constipation does not result in a bowel movement after an hour, seek medical advice. If symptoms worsen or new, severe side effects develop (e.g., discomfort, allergic reactions, bleeding), contact a doctor immediately.
If there is uncertainty regarding the correct dosage or proper administration technique, or if the suppository is expelled before it dissolves, seek guidance from a healthcare provider. Adhering to the recommended dosage and frequency is necessary, as exceeding these guidelines can lead to adverse effects like stomach pain or diarrhea. Long-term or frequent use of certain suppositories without medical supervision can lead to dependence or local tissue irritation.