Wisdom teeth extraction is a common surgical procedure performed to prevent dental issues that can arise from impacted or misaligned third molars. Following removal, the oral surgeon typically places sutures, or stitches, across the gum tissue to help the site heal properly. These sutures hold the gum flap in place and protect the blood clot that forms in the empty socket. Understanding the type of stitches used and their expected duration is a routine part of managing the post-operative healing process.
Understanding the Sutures Used
The stitches placed after wisdom teeth removal fall into two main categories: absorbable and non-absorbable sutures. Absorbable stitches are the most common choice for this type of oral surgery because they eliminate the need for a follow-up appointment for removal. These dissolving sutures are typically made from materials like treated natural gut or synthetic polymers, which the body naturally breaks down over time.
Non-absorbable sutures, in contrast, are made from materials like silk or nylon that the body cannot metabolize. These materials are used when the surgical site requires more secure tissue support during the initial healing phase. The main purpose of any suture is to bring the edges of the incision together. This helps control bleeding, promotes the proper alignment of gum tissue for optimal healing, and preserves the blood clot that protects the underlying bone.
Expected Timeline for Dissolution
The time it takes for absorbable sutures to disappear varies depending on the material used and the individual’s healing rate. Generally, absorbable sutures begin to break down within the first few days post-extraction. The full dissolution process usually takes between 5 to 14 days. Patients often notice the stitches becoming loose or seeing small pieces of the material come out, which is a normal sign of healing progression.
If non-absorbable sutures were used, they will not dissolve and must be manually removed by the oral surgeon. This removal appointment is typically scheduled 5 to 10 days after the surgery, once the initial wound closure is stable.
Managing Stitches During Healing
While the stitches are in place, focus on keeping the surgical site clean without disturbing the protective blood clot or the sutures. Gentle oral hygiene is paramount; brushing should be avoided directly on the surgical site for several days. Instead, use a gentle saltwater rinse after the first 24 hours to keep the area clean.
It is important to avoid aggressive swishing or spitting, as the force can dislodge the blood clot or prematurely pull on the stitches. When rinsing, simply tilt the head to allow the water to flow out naturally. A diet consisting of soft foods is necessary to prevent physical stress on the sutures and the healing gum tissue. A feeling of tightness or minor irritation around the stitches is a normal sensation as the tissue pulls together to close the wound.
Scenarios Requiring Professional Attention
While some discomfort is expected, certain signs suggest professional attention is necessary to prevent complications. If a patient notices a severe increase in pain, excessive bleeding that will not stop with gentle pressure, or persistent swelling, they should contact their oral surgeon immediately. These symptoms, especially when accompanied by a fever or pus near the extraction site, can indicate a developing infection.
If the stitches come out entirely before the first three days have passed, the exposed surgical site could increase the risk of a dry socket, which requires prompt evaluation. If non-dissolvable stitches remain past the 7 to 10-day removal window, or if absorbable stitches are still present after two weeks, the surgeon should be consulted. Seeking professional guidance for any unusual or worsening symptoms ensures the healing process remains on track.