Oral surgery often involves the use of stitches, also known as sutures, to promote effective healing of the surgical site. These threads are carefully placed to bring the edges of the incision together, aiding in tissue approximation and providing initial support. By closing the wound, stitches help to minimize bleeding and protect the surgical site from external factors like food particles and bacteria. This closure creates an environment for the body’s natural healing processes.
Types of Stitches Used in Oral Surgery
In oral surgery, two primary categories of stitches are commonly employed: dissolvable and non-dissolvable. Dissolvable stitches, also referred to as absorbable sutures, are crafted from materials that the body naturally breaks down over time. These materials can be natural, such as purified collagen from animal intestines (like catgut), or synthetic polymers. The body’s immune system gradually absorbs these stitches, eliminating the need for manual removal.
Conversely, non-dissolvable stitches are made from materials that do not degrade within the body and therefore require removal by a dental professional. Common non-dissolvable materials include silk, nylon, and polypropylene. The choice between dissolvable and non-dissolvable stitches depends on several factors, including the specific surgical procedure, the location of the wound, and the tension on the tissues. For instance, non-dissolvable stitches might be selected for areas requiring prolonged support or greater tensile strength.
Expected Timeline for Stitches
The duration stitches remain in the mouth after oral surgery varies based on their type and the individual’s healing rate. Dissolvable stitches are designed to gradually break down and be absorbed by the body. While some may begin to dissolve within a few days, they typically take anywhere from 3 to 10 days, or sometimes up to 2 to 3 weeks, to fully disappear. The exact timeframe for dissolution is influenced by the specific material used, the size of the suture, and the nature of the wound being closed.
Non-dissolvable stitches, in contrast, do not dissolve on their own and require removal by the oral surgeon or dentist. These stitches are typically removed within a specific timeframe, often 5 to 7 days after the surgery, or sometimes up to 1 to 2 weeks. The surgeon will provide precise instructions regarding when to return for their removal. Patients should adhere to these instructions, as timely removal helps prevent irritation and promotes continued healing.
Caring for Your Stitches and Surgical Site
Proper care of the surgical site and stitches promotes healing and prevents complications after oral surgery. Maintaining oral hygiene is essential, but must be done gently to avoid disturbing stitches or the healing blood clot. Patients are usually advised to avoid brushing the immediate surgical area for a few days, instead opting for gentle rinsing with warm salt water starting 24 hours after surgery. This helps keep the area clean without dislodging the clot or stitches.
Dietary modifications are necessary during the initial healing period. Patients should consume soft, cool foods that require minimal chewing to prevent irritation. Foods such as yogurt, applesauce, mashed potatoes, and smoothies are often recommended, while hot, spicy, crunchy, or acidic foods should be avoided. Avoid using straws, as suction can dislodge blood clots and stitches, potentially leading to complications like dry socket. Managing swelling is a common part of post-operative care, often involving ice packs to the face during the first 24 to 48 hours.
When to Seek Professional Advice
While some discomfort and swelling are expected after oral surgery, certain signs indicate a need to contact your oral surgeon or dentist. Persistent or worsening pain not alleviated by prescribed medication is a concern. Increased swelling of the gums, jaw, or face beyond the initial few days, or worsening swelling, warrants professional attention.
Signs of infection, such as pus oozing from the surgical site, a foul taste or odor not resolving with rinsing, or a fever, should be reported immediately. If non-dissolvable stitches come out prematurely, or if dissolvable stitches dissolve too quickly and wound edges separate, seek advice. Excessive bleeding continuing for more than 24 hours or requiring frequent gauze changes also indicates a need for professional evaluation. Always follow the specific post-operative instructions provided by your surgeon, and avoid attempting to remove stitches yourself.