Cataract surgery is a common and effective outpatient procedure that restores clear vision by replacing the eye’s cloudy natural lens with an artificial one. This procedure is generally safe, with most individuals experiencing significant visual improvement. While the surgery itself is quick, typically lasting less than an hour, diligent post-operative care plays an important role in ensuring a smooth recovery and optimal outcomes.
Stitches in Cataract Surgery
In modern cataract surgery, the incisions made in the cornea are often very small and designed to be self-sealing, meaning stitches are usually not required. However, there are specific circumstances where a surgeon may choose to use stitches to close the incision. This can occur if a larger incision is necessary, such as for a very dense cataract or a more complex case, or if the patient has a weak cornea.
The primary purpose of these stitches is to ensure proper wound closure, minimize fluid leakage, and help prevent complications like infection. When used, there are typically two main types of sutures: dissolvable (absorbable) and non-dissolvable (non-absorbable). The choice of stitch material depends on the surgical technique, the integrity of the wound, and the surgeon’s preference.
Duration and Removal of Stitches
The duration stitches remain after cataract surgery depends on whether they are dissolvable or non-dissolvable. Dissolvable stitches naturally break down and are absorbed by the body over time, typically taking several weeks to a few months, with some types dissolving within two to five weeks. These stitches do not usually require removal by the surgeon.
Conversely, non-dissolvable stitches, often made of materials like nylon, do not break down on their own and typically require removal by the ophthalmologist. The exact timing for removing non-dissolvable stitches varies based on individual healing, the type of incision, and the surgeon’s assessment. Commonly, they are removed during a follow-up appointment, often within one to two weeks after the surgery, though some may remain for about 15 days or even up to eight weeks, particularly if they are used to manage astigmatism. This removal procedure is generally quick and causes minimal discomfort for the patient.
Post-Surgery Care with Stitches
Proper post-surgery care is important for ensuring the eye heals correctly, especially when stitches are present. Patients are typically advised to avoid rubbing or putting pressure on the operated eye for at least one week. It is also recommended to avoid strenuous activities, such as heavy lifting, bending over, or vigorous exercise, for about two weeks to prevent increased eye pressure or disruption of the healing incision.
Protecting the eye from water, soap, and shampoo is also important, particularly during the first week after surgery. When showering or washing hair, it is advisable to tilt the head back to keep water away from the eye. Consistent use of prescribed eye drops is important for preventing infection, reducing inflammation, and promoting healing. These drops often include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications (steroids and NSAIDs), and sometimes lubricating drops to manage dryness and irritation.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While cataract surgery is generally safe, it is important to be aware of certain symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention. You should contact your eye doctor without delay if you experience a sudden decrease in vision or vision loss. Persistent or increasing eye pain, redness, or swelling of the eyelid are concerning signs.
Other warning signs include new or increased discharge from the eye, flashes of light, or a sudden increase in floaters (small spots or lines in your vision). The appearance of a shadow or curtain in your peripheral vision could indicate a serious complication. Early reporting of these symptoms allows for timely intervention and helps ensure the best possible outcome.