Scopolamine patches are a transdermal system designed to prevent motion sickness and control nausea and vomiting after surgery. This medication works by slowly releasing the drug scopolamine, an anticholinergic agent, through the skin and into the bloodstream. The substance acts on the central nervous system to block nerve signals that trigger nausea and vomiting. The patch offers a convenient, long-lasting alternative to oral medications for managing these symptoms during travel or recovery.
The Standard Duration of the Patch
A single scopolamine transdermal patch provides a controlled, steady release of medication for up to 72 hours, or three full days. The patch is formulated to deliver approximately 1 milligram of scopolamine over this three-day period to maintain a consistent therapeutic level in the body.
To be fully effective against motion sickness, the patch should be applied at least four hours before the antiemetic effect is required. This allows sufficient time for the drug to be absorbed through the skin and reach the necessary concentration in the bloodstream. For post-operative nausea and vomiting, the patch is usually applied the evening before a scheduled surgery and is then removed 24 hours following the procedure.
Essential Steps for Application and Removal
Proper application is necessary to ensure the full 72-hour duration of effective medication delivery. The patch must be applied to the hairless area of skin directly behind one ear. Before placement, the skin should be clean, dry, and free of any cuts, irritation, or tenderness.
Only one patch should be worn at any time, and it should never be cut, as this disrupts the controlled-release system and can cause an excessive dose. Immediately after applying the patch, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Scopolamine transferred to the eyes can cause temporary pupil dilation and blurred vision.
Upon removing the patch after the 72-hour period, or at 24 hours post-surgery, it should be folded in half so the sticky sides are together before being discarded. This folding action prevents accidental contact with any remaining medication by children or pets. The application site behind the ear and the hands should be washed again with soap and water to remove any residual drug.
Guidelines for Extended Use
If protection from motion sickness is needed for a period longer than the initial 72 hours, the first patch must be removed and a new one applied to the hairless area behind the other ear. This rotation to the opposite ear helps to minimize any potential skin irritation at the original application site. Continuous use should not extend indefinitely without medical guidance.
Using the scopolamine patch for several days beyond the standard duration increases the potential for withdrawal symptoms once the medication is stopped. These post-removal symptoms can manifest 24 hours or more after the patch is taken off:
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Disturbances in balance
If extended treatment is necessary, consult a physician to discuss the risks and a plan for safely discontinuing the medication.