Orthodontic rubber bands, also known as elastics, are tools used during treatment. While braces primarily straighten individual teeth, elastics correct the alignment of the entire bite and jaw structure. These bands apply specific, continuous force by connecting brackets on the upper and lower arches in a predetermined pattern. The function of the rubber band phase is to ensure the upper and lower teeth meet correctly for a functional and stable result.
Why the Duration Varies
The duration a patient must wear elastics is highly individualized, depending on the complexity of the bite issue being addressed. The orthodontist determines the specific duration based on the nature and severity of the malocclusion, or bad bite. Conditions like a Class II overbite (upper jaw positioned too far forward) or a Class III underbite (lower jaw protrudes) require elastics to apply inter-arch force to reposition the jaws.
The required movement for these corrections dictates the timeline. Simple bite adjustments might only require a few months of elastic wear. Correcting more pronounced jaw discrepancies demands a longer period of consistent force application to encourage bone remodeling and proper alignment. The orthodontist continuously monitors the progress during appointments before setting an end date.
The Required Daily Wearing Schedule
For elastics to be effective, they must apply a light, continuous force, requiring wear for approximately 20 to 22 hours every day. This schedule means the bands should be in place all the time, including when sleeping, to maintain tension. The force stimulates the biological process of bone remodeling around the teeth roots, allowing them to shift into position.
Patients remove elastics only for brushing, flossing, and eating meals, though some may be advised to eat with them in. It is necessary to change the elastics for new ones multiple times a day, typically two to four times. This frequent replacement is needed because the elastic material loses strength and tension after several hours of continuous stretching, becoming ineffective.
Consequences of Skipping Wear Time
Inconsistent wear is the most common reason for extended orthodontic treatment, potentially delaying the process by months or years. Teeth require a constant, uninterrupted application of pressure to move efficiently through the bone. When elastics are removed for an extended period, the teeth immediately begin to drift back toward their original positions.
This non-compliance creates a “push-pull” cycle, where progress made during wear is undone when the force is removed. The movement starts over repeatedly, and the teeth spend more time moving back and forth than progressing toward the final goal. Skipping wear time causes the teeth to be sore constantly, as they are repeatedly subjected to new pressure after rest. Failure to complete the elastic phase can result in a compromised or incomplete bite correction, affecting the long-term stability of the orthodontic result.
Criteria for Rubber Band Removal
The rubber band phase is completed when the orthodontist confirms the bite has reached the prescribed, stable relationship. The goal is achieving a Class I occlusion, meaning the upper and lower teeth fit together correctly. This alignment ensures that the teeth are seated fully and function harmoniously when biting and chewing.
The orthodontist verifies that the correction is stable and that the teeth are no longer shifting when the elastics are temporarily removed. Once this clinical endpoint is met, the patient discontinues daily elastic wear. This transition signals that the primary work of jaw and bite alignment is complete, and the final stages of treatment can begin.