Hummingbirds, with their iridescent plumage and remarkable aerial agility, are among the most captivating birds. These tiny creatures, some weighing no more than a penny, exhibit an extraordinary ability to hover in mid-air, fly backward, and navigate with rapid wingbeats that produce their characteristic humming sound. Their small size belies their incredible capabilities, making them a subject of continuous fascination.
Seasonal Presence in Your Area
Hummingbirds typically arrive in North America during spring, with timing varying by species and geographic location. Ruby-throated hummingbirds, for example, usually reach the Gulf Coast by early March, progressively moving northward through late April or early May to reach more northern states and Canada. Male hummingbirds often precede females by one to two weeks. Fall departure for warmer climates begins as early as mid-July for some adults, though peak southbound migration generally occurs from late August through October. Some individuals may linger in southern regions until mid-December if food sources remain plentiful.
Seasonal stay length is influenced by food availability, including nectar from flowers, small insects, and supplemental feeder solutions. Mild winters can encourage some species to remain year-round in certain areas. Anna’s hummingbirds and several other species found along the Pacific Coast and Southwest often reside year-round. This year-round presence is supported by consistent natural food supplies and the provision of feeders. Changes in daylight hours and the abundance of blooming flowers trigger their migratory instincts, prompting them to prepare for their journey.
The Journey: Migration Duration
Hummingbird migration is a prolonged and physically demanding process, often extending over several weeks or even months. For instance, the northward migration of Ruby-throated hummingbirds can take approximately two months to complete. These tiny birds undertake impressive journeys, with Ruby-throated hummingbirds flying from southern Mexico and Central America to their breeding grounds in North America. A significant part of their journey involves a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of up to 500 miles, which can take 18 to 22 hours. Rufous hummingbirds, known for one of the longest migratory routes, travel up to 3,900 miles from Alaska to their wintering grounds in Mexico.
These incredible distances require immense preparation, including gaining 25-40% of body weight to fuel the journey. During migration, hummingbirds average 20-30 miles per hour in direct flight. Though some can cover up to 100 miles per day, their overall average travel rate might be less than 25 miles daily due to necessary stops. Frequent refueling stops are essential; birds may pause for a week or more at favorable locations to replenish fat reserves. Each hummingbird travels alone, often following the same migratory path year after year, with young birds navigating instinctively.
How Long Do Hummingbirds Live?
Hummingbirds, despite their small size and high metabolism, have a surprisingly considerable lifespan in the wild. On average, most live between three to five years. Many do not survive their first year, impacting the average lifespan. However, those that survive their first year can live much longer.
Longevity is influenced by predators like cats, larger birds, spiders, and praying mantises. Habitat quality and consistent food sources (nectar, insects) are also important. Environmental conditions, like extreme weather and migration stress, also affect survival. Banded hummingbirds show remarkable longevity, with records including a female Broad-tailed hummingbird at 12 years, a Black-chinned at 11 years, a Buff-bellied at 11 years and two months, and Ruby-throated up to nine years.