A head bump is a common raised lump on the scalp, resulting from a blow or impact to the head. While often concerning, these bumps are frequently minor injuries. The body’s immediate response to such trauma involves a localized reaction.
Understanding Head Bumps
When the head sustains an impact, small blood vessels in the scalp can rupture. This leads to internal bleeding beneath the skin, causing blood to collect and form a hematoma. This collection of blood creates the characteristic raised lump, often referred to as a “goose egg.” The swelling results directly from this pooled blood and the body’s inflammatory response.
The discoloration associated with a head bump, or bruising, occurs as hemoglobin from the trapped blood breaks down over time. The firmness of the scalp and the limited space for expansion contribute to the noticeable elevation of these bumps. Although most head bumps are superficial and involve only the scalp, a more severe impact can affect deeper tissues or even the brain itself.
Typical Healing Timeline
The duration for a head bump to resolve ranges from a few days to a couple of weeks. Initially, a head bump appears as a red, swollen lump. As the body reabsorbs the pooled blood, the bruise undergoes a series of color changes. It may transition from purple or black, then to green, and finally to yellow or brown before fading completely.
Swelling starts to decrease within a few hours to a day after the injury, though the lump can persist for up to a week. Several factors influence healing time, including the bump’s size and severity, an individual’s age, and their overall health. Younger individuals and those with robust health may experience faster resolution compared to older adults or those with underlying health conditions.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many head bumps are minor, certain signs and symptoms indicate a potentially more serious injury requiring immediate medical evaluation. Seek urgent care if there is loss of consciousness, even briefly, or if confusion or disorientation occurs after the injury. A severe headache that worsens over time, repeated nausea or vomiting, or seizures are also concerning symptoms.
Other warning signs include:
Changes in pupil size.
Blurred or double vision.
Slurred speech.
Weakness or numbness in any part of the body.
Clear fluid or blood draining from the ears or nose.
Bruising around the eyes or behind the ears.
In infants and very young children, specific concerns include persistent crying, changes in feeding or sleeping habits, increased irritability, or a large, rapidly growing bump. Any significant concern following a head bump warrants professional medical advice.
Caring for a Head Bump
For a minor head bump, immediate care can help manage symptoms and promote comfort. Applying a cold compress, such as an ice pack wrapped in a cloth, to the affected area for 15-20 minutes helps reduce swelling and discomfort. This can be repeated several times a day. Rest is important, and individuals should avoid strenuous physical or mentally demanding activities, including excessive screen time.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can alleviate headache pain. However, it is advisable to avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin unless specifically directed by a healthcare provider, as they might increase the risk of bleeding. Continue monitoring the individual for any worsening symptoms or new concerns in the hours and days following the injury.