Flying squirrels are small, nocturnal rodents known for their remarkable ability to glide through the air. These creatures possess a unique membrane, called a patagium, which stretches from their wrists to their ankles, allowing them to parachute between trees. Their lifespan depends on their environment and the challenges they face.
Lifespan in the Wild and Captivity
The lifespan of a flying squirrel varies significantly depending on whether it lives in its natural habitat or under human care. In the wild, flying squirrels typically live for about three to five years, though some sources indicate up to six years.
Conversely, flying squirrels in captivity generally experience a much longer life, often reaching 10 to 15 years. Some Southern Flying Squirrels have even lived up to 19 years in controlled settings. This extended longevity is due to consistent access to food, protection from predators, regular veterinary care, and a stable environment.
Factors Affecting Their Longevity
Several factors influence how long a flying squirrel survives in the wild. Predation is a significant threat, with common predators including owls, hawks, snakes, raccoons, martens, and domestic cats. High mortality for young flying squirrels, often within their first year, is attributed to predators and diseases.
The quality and availability of their habitat also directly impact their survival. Flying squirrels require forests with ample tree cavities for nesting and foraging, as they make their homes in snags, woodpecker holes, and abandoned nests. Habitat loss or fragmentation limits access to shelters and resources.
Food availability plays a role in their health and longevity. Flying squirrels are omnivores, consuming nuts, seeds, fungi, fruits, and insects, with Southern Flying Squirrels also eating bird eggs and carrion. Scarcity of food sources can lead to malnutrition or starvation, especially during harsh weather. Exposure to diseases and parasites also shortens their lifespan in the wild.
Species Differences in Lifespan
There are subtle differences in lifespan among flying squirrel species. In North America, the two primary species are the Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) and the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus). The Southern Flying Squirrel typically lives 3 to 5 years in the wild and 8 to 10 years in captivity.
The Northern Flying Squirrel, which is slightly larger and prefers colder climates, generally lives up to 4 years in the wild. In captivity, Northern Flying Squirrels can live around 8 to 13 years. These variations can be linked to differences in size, habitat preferences, and regional threats.