An “eye cold” is the common term for viral conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. This highly contagious infection is often caused by the same viruses that lead to the common cold, such as adenovirus, and can affect one or both eyes.
Typical Timeline of an Eye Cold
Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis appear quickly after exposure to the virus. These symptoms intensify and peak within three to five days of onset. While the most severe symptoms may begin to subside after this peak, the infection can persist longer.
Most cases resolve within one to two weeks. However, the infection can linger for up to three weeks. The contagious period lasts as long as symptoms are present, especially with tearing and discharge. The first three to five days are typically the most contagious.
Recognizing Symptoms and Knowing When to Seek Care
Viral conjunctivitis presents with symptoms including redness in one or both eyes, watery discharge, and a gritty feeling. People may also experience itching, burning, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and swollen eyelids. The discharge is clear and watery, though it can sometimes be a bit sticky, especially in the morning.
It is important to distinguish viral conjunctivitis from other forms. Bacterial conjunctivitis produces a thicker, pus-like discharge that can be yellow or green, and eyelids may be stuck together upon waking. Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by intense itching and watery discharge, often accompanied by other allergy symptoms like sneezing or a runny nose, and is not contagious.
Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve after a few days. Other indicators for medical care include severe eye pain, changes in vision such as blurriness or light sensitivity, or persistent symptoms beyond the typical timeline. If a baby less than 30 days old has red, sticky eyes, urgent medical evaluation is necessary. Individuals who wear contact lenses should stop using them immediately if symptoms appear and consult a healthcare professional.
Relieving Discomfort at Home
While viral conjunctivitis resolves on its own without specific medical treatment, several at-home measures can help alleviate discomfort. Applying cool compresses to the affected eyes can provide soothing relief. Using over-the-counter lubricating eye drops, also known as artificial tears, can help keep the eyes moisturized and reduce irritation. Avoid rubbing the eyes, as this can worsen irritation and potentially spread the infection.
Maintaining good hygiene is important to prevent the spread of the infection to others and to the unaffected eye. Frequent handwashing with soap and water is recommended, especially after touching the eyes or applying eye drops. Avoid sharing personal items like towels, pillowcases, washcloths, or eye makeup. Changing pillowcases and sheets regularly in hot water and detergent can also help. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections and should not be used for viral conjunctivitis.