Eaglets, the young of eagles, undergo rapid growth and acquire skills necessary for survival. Understanding this initial phase provides insight into their behaviors and needs. Their journey from a helpless hatchling to a self-sufficient hunter involves a progression of physical and behavioral milestones.
The Nesting Period: From Hatch to Fledge
Eaglets spend a period maturing in their nest before taking their first flight, a process known as fledging. For bald eagles, this nesting period ranges from 8 to 14 weeks after hatching, often around 10 to 12 weeks. Golden eagle chicks fledge earlier, around 65 to 70 days after hatching. This duration allows for substantial growth and the development of physical capabilities.
Newly hatched eaglets are covered in a light, white natal down, replaced by a denser, gray thermal down around 9 days. As they mature, juvenile feathers begin to emerge by about three weeks, gradually replacing the downy layers. By 6 to 7 weeks, eaglets are nearly as large as their parents, and they begin wing flapping to strengthen their flight muscles.
During the later stages of the nesting period, between 8 and 10 weeks, eaglets start “branching,” which involves moving onto branches adjacent to the nest. This activity helps them practice balance and coordination in preparation for flight. Parents bring food to the nest and encourage these behaviors, though they may gradually spend less time on the nest as the eaglets grow. Fledging marks the eaglet’s first flight away from the nest.
Life After the Nest: Post-Fledging
Fledging does not immediately signify complete independence for young eagles; a post-fledging dependence period follows. During this time, lasting several weeks to a few months, young eagles continue to rely on their parents for sustenance and guidance. For bald eagles, this period extends for 4 to 12 weeks after leaving the nest, while golden eagles remain dependent for several months, averaging around 50 days.
Parents continue to provide food and support as fledglings refine their flying, hunting, and foraging abilities. Young eagles practice these skills by observing parents and engaging in short flights around the natal territory. This phase helps eaglets develop the proficiency needed to survive on their own.
As the post-fledging period progresses, young eagles gradually achieve full self-sufficiency. They learn to locate and secure their own food sources. This progression culminates with the young eagles dispersing from their natal territory by early fall, marking their independence.