Hives, also known as urticaria, are a common skin condition characterized by raised, often itchy, red or skin-colored welts that appear on the skin. These welts can vary in size and shape, sometimes joining together to form larger patches. Hives develop when the body releases histamine, a chemical that causes small blood vessels to leak fluid into the skin, leading to swelling and itching. Hives are a recognized symptom of COVID-19 infection, triggered by the immune system’s response to the virus.
Typical Duration of COVID-19 Hives
The duration of hives associated with COVID-19 varies, but they typically resolve within a short timeframe. Most rashes last between two and twelve days, with an average duration of about a week (6.8 to 8 days). Hives may appear early in the infection, sometimes before other common COVID-19 symptoms.
While many cases of COVID-19 hives are acute and temporary, their duration can be influenced by individual factors. Some individuals may experience hives that persist for several weeks or months, particularly in cases of “long COVID.” Here, skin symptoms like hives can be part of ongoing health issues after the initial infection clears. Hives are generally associated with milder forms of the disease.
Identifying COVID-19 Hives
Recognizing COVID-19 hives involves observing their characteristic appearance and sensations. They typically manifest as raised, red, or skin-colored welts that can emerge on any part of the body. These welts range from tiny spots to larger patches that may coalesce, and they often blanch, or turn white, when pressed.
COVID-19 hives are frequently accompanied by intense itching. Some individuals also describe a burning or stinging sensation. While hives can appear anywhere, common locations include the trunk, limbs, and face.
Managing Hives and When to Seek Care
Managing COVID-19 hives involves alleviating discomfort and preventing irritation. Over-the-counter antihistamines are a primary treatment option, with non-drowsy formulations like cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine commonly recommended for daytime use. Drowsy antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, can be used, particularly at night, if itching disrupts sleep. Applying cool compresses or taking cool baths can also help soothe the skin and reduce itching.
Avoid scratching affected areas to prevent skin damage and secondary infections. Keeping the skin moisturized with fragrance-free lotions and wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing can also provide relief. Identifying and avoiding personal triggers, like certain foods or irritants, can also help manage flare-ups.
While many cases of hives can be managed at home, seek medical attention if needed. Immediate emergency care is necessary if hives are accompanied by difficulty breathing, wheezing, or swelling of the face, lips, or throat, as these can be signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Consult a doctor if hives are severe, persist for over a week, or significantly affect daily life. Any new or worsening COVID-19 symptoms alongside the hives also warrant professional medical assessment.