Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces damaged bone and cartilage with artificial components, typically made of metal and plastic. This surgery aims to alleviate pain and restore movement in a knee joint severely damaged by conditions like arthritis. A common question for those considering surgery is how soon they can walk again, as regaining mobility is a primary goal.
First Steps After Surgery
Walking typically begins very soon after knee replacement surgery, often within hours or on the first day. This early movement is encouraged by physical therapists and medical staff. Patients usually start with assistance from a walker or crutches to support their balance and protect the new joint. Prompt walking helps restore motion, reduces stiffness, promotes circulation, and prevents complications like blood clots.
Walking Progress Through Recovery
Regaining full walking ability progresses through several stages in the weeks and months following surgery.
First 1-2 Weeks
During the first one to two weeks, the focus is on managing pain and swelling while initiating gentle range of motion exercises. Patients continue using walking aids, like a walker or crutches, for short distances around the home. Physical therapy sessions emphasize basic exercises to improve circulation and prevent stiffness.
Weeks 3-6
As recovery advances into weeks three to six, many patients gradually reduce reliance on assistive devices. Some transition from a walker to a cane, or even walk short distances unassisted. Individuals often walk for 10 minutes or more without an aid by four to six weeks. Outpatient physical therapy begins, concentrating on strengthening, balance, and achieving a knee bend of at least 90 degrees.
2-6 Months
From two to six months post-surgery, walking ability significantly improves. Patients can walk longer distances outdoors. Individuals often resume more daily activities and may begin low-impact recreational walking. Physical therapy continues to focus on refining gait, building strength, and enhancing endurance for sustained walking.
Factors Affecting Your Walking Journey
Several elements can influence an individual’s walking recovery timeline and ultimate ability after knee replacement. A patient’s health before surgery, including age, overall fitness, and arthritis severity, plays a role in recovery speed. Surgical factors, such as whether a total or partial knee replacement was performed, also contribute; partial knee replacement, being less invasive, often results in quicker recovery. Post-operative factors, including consistent adherence to physical therapy and effective pain management, are important for success. Complications like infection or blood clots can also affect recovery pace.
Long-Term Walking Expectations
Months and years after knee replacement, patients can anticipate significant improvements in walking ability. Most individuals return to nearly all daily activities without substantial limitations, experiencing pain relief and improved mobility. It is common to walk for extended periods and engage in low-impact activities like walking for exercise, cycling, swimming, and golfing. While a new knee enhances function, high-impact activities such as jogging, running, or contact sports should be avoided as they place excessive stress on the joint and can increase wear on artificial components. Maintaining a healthy weight and continuing regular, appropriate exercises support the long-term health and function of the new knee.