The common sight of a possum appearing lifeless when threatened often sparks curiosity. This unique behavior, widely known as “playing possum,” is a defense mechanism allowing these animals to navigate dangerous encounters.
Understanding Possum’s “Playing Dead” Behavior
The behavior observed when a possum “plays dead” is a physiological response called tonic immobility, or thanatosis. It is not a conscious decision, but an involuntary, stress-induced state. When faced with extreme fear or an immediate threat, the possum’s nervous system triggers a temporary, coma-like condition.
During this state, the possum’s body undergoes several physical changes. Its muscles become rigid, and it often lies on its side, appearing stiff and unresponsive. Its eyes may remain open or closed, the tongue may loll out, and drooling can occur. The animal may release a foul-smelling fluid from its anal glands, mimicking the odor of decaying flesh, and may also excrete urine and feces. Breathing and heart rate slow significantly, becoming almost imperceptible, but the possum remains internally alert, monitoring its surroundings for the threat to pass.
How Long Can a Possum Play Dead?
The duration of a possum’s feigned death is highly variable, typically ranging from a few minutes to several hours. Some sources indicate it can last from 40 minutes to up to four hours, but it can extend longer depending on circumstances. This state persists until the possum perceives the immediate danger has passed.
The length of time a possum remains in tonic immobility is influenced by several factors. A more intense or prolonged threat may result in a longer period of immobility. Individual possums also vary in their stress response, and younger or weaker animals might be more prone to extended episodes. Even after the threat disappears, the possum’s body requires time to recover before resuming normal activity.
Why Possums Play Dead
Possums employ this defense mechanism as a last-resort strategy against predators. Many predators hunt live prey and lose interest in an animal that appears dead, especially if it emits a foul odor suggesting decay or disease. This tactic helps the possum avoid confrontation or injury when escape is not an option.
This behavior is triggered by extreme fear and perceived immediate danger, particularly when the possum cannot flee or fight. It is an adaptation that enhances the possum’s chances of survival by making it appear undesirable prey.
Encountering a Possum Playing Dead: What to Do
If you encounter a possum playing dead, leave it undisturbed. Disturbing the animal can prolong its tonic immobility or cause unnecessary stress, delaying recovery. Allow it to recover and depart on its own.
Identifying whether a possum is truly deceased or merely feigning death can be challenging. A possum playing dead will typically be limp, not stiff, though its breathing may be very shallow and difficult to detect. It may also have an open mouth, a lolling tongue, and emit a foul smell. In contrast, a truly deceased possum will likely exhibit rigor mortis, leading to body stiffness, and will show no signs of breathing over an extended period. It is recommended to avoid touching or moving the animal unless absolutely necessary; in such cases, contact local animal control or wildlife professionals for assistance.