Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste from the blood. This progressive decline affects overall health. CKD is categorized into stages based on kidney function, reflecting the extent of damage and guiding treatment.
Understanding Stage 3 Kidney Disease
Stage 3 kidney disease indicates a moderate reduction in kidney function. It is defined by a Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) between 30 and 59 milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meters (mL/min/1.73m²). GFR estimates how much blood passes through the kidney’s tiny filters (glomeruli) each minute.
Stage 3 is often subdivided into Stage 3a (GFR 45-59 mL/min/1.73m²) and Stage 3b (GFR 30-44 mL/min/1.73m²). Many individuals in Stage 3 may have no noticeable symptoms, or only mild ones. When symptoms appear, they can include fatigue, swelling in the legs or ankles, or increased nighttime urination.
Factors Influencing Lifespan
An exact lifespan for a 70-year-old with Stage 3 kidney disease cannot be determined due to individual variability. Several factors significantly influence how the condition progresses and impacts overall health.
Individuals with other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), or heart disease, may experience a more rapid decline in kidney function compared to those without these conditions. Obesity also contributes to the burden on kidneys and can accelerate disease progression. The rate at which kidney function declines varies considerably from person to person. Some individuals may remain stable in Stage 3 for many years, while others might see a faster progression to later stages.
Overall health and frailty also impact prognosis. A robust 70-year-old may manage the condition more effectively than someone frail. Consistent adherence to medical advice and prescribed treatments significantly impacts outcomes. Patients who consistently take their medications and follow dietary recommendations tend to have better kidney function preservation.
Complications like anemia or bone disease can affect health. Anemia, a common complication, leads to fatigue and heart strain. Bone disease, from calcium and phosphorus imbalances, can cause pain and increase fracture risk.
Strategies for Managing Stage 3 Kidney Disease
Managing Stage 3 kidney disease involves a combination of medical and dietary interventions aimed at slowing its progression and alleviating symptoms. Controlling blood pressure is a primary focus, often targeting levels below 130/80 mmHg, as high blood pressure can further damage the kidneys. For individuals with diabetes, maintaining stable blood sugar levels is equally important to protect kidney function.
Medications play a significant role in kidney protection. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly prescribed to lower blood pressure and reduce protein in the urine, which are both beneficial for kidney health. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a newer class of medications that have also shown promise in slowing kidney disease progression, particularly in individuals with diabetes and even in some without.
Dietary modifications are an important component of management. General advice often includes limiting sodium intake to help control blood pressure and reduce fluid retention. Depending on individual blood test results, dietary restrictions on potassium and phosphorus may be necessary to prevent complications like heart rhythm issues or bone disease. A moderate protein intake is also typically advised, as excessive protein can increase the workload on the kidneys. Regular monitoring through consistent doctor visits and blood tests is performed to track kidney function, electrolyte levels, and overall health markers, allowing for timely adjustments to the treatment plan.
The Role of Lifestyle and Support
Beyond medical treatments, broader lifestyle elements and strong support systems significantly contribute to living well with Stage 3 kidney disease. Engaging in regular, moderate physical activity, such as walking or light exercise, can improve overall health, help manage blood pressure, and boost energy levels. Avoiding smoking and moderating alcohol consumption are also beneficial, as these habits can negatively impact kidney health and accelerate disease progression.
Maintaining a healthy weight helps reduce the burden on the kidneys and can improve the effectiveness of other treatments. Addressing mental and emotional well-being is also important, as chronic conditions can lead to stress, anxiety, or depression. Seeking support from mental health professionals or engaging in stress-reducing activities can provide relief. Connecting with family, friends, or support groups offers an emotional outlet and practical assistance, which can improve a person’s quality of life while managing the condition.